545 



Increased output of the more efficient hydrocarbon fuel sources, such 

 as petroleum and natural gas, is particularly important. Soviet energy 

 consumption in 1971 was about half that of the United States — 1,291 

 as compared with 2,130 million metric tons of coal equivalent — while 

 the respective GNPs of the two countries were 548.6 and 1,000.4 billion 

 1970 U.S. dollars. However, the structure of primary energy consump- 

 tion in the U.S.S.R. is less developed : coal still supplied 44 percent of 

 the energy as compared with 19 percent in the United States. (See 

 Figure 2.) Petroleum and natural gas accounted for all but about one 

 percent of the remainder in each case, with hydro and nuclear power 

 of negligible importance. 



Percent 



USSR 



Natural Gas l Hydro 



1960 



1960 



Nuclear 

 Negl 1 Hydro 



Nuclear 



Negl. 1 Hydro 



1971 1971 



Figure 2. — Primary Energy Consumption, United States and U.S.S.R. 

 Source : Peterson Report (1972). Annex A, p. 14. 



The trend toward reduced coal utilization (from 66 to 44 percent 

 from 1960-1971) may continue if petroleum and natural gas produc- 



