211 



quired to provide Euratom with information on the construction and 

 operation of its facilities. All non-patented information communicated 

 to Euratom might be disseminated by it. Joint Enterprise status might 

 be conferred under varying terms, but could be annulled when eco- 

 nomic conditions permit. To date, four of the early nuclear power 

 plant ventures in Europe have been designated as Joint Enterprises. 

 These include three nuclear powerplants in "West 'Germany and one 

 joint Franco-Belgian project. 



Early Changes in Euratom Objectives 



What an international organization does and what it becomes de- 

 pends in part upon its foundation in international law, and upon the 

 perception of its functions. Euratom soon began to give less priority 

 to the immediate building of nuclear power plants than to its research 

 and service function. Euratom's first three annual reports reveal this 

 trend clearly and suggest that in many ways the work of diplomats 

 had only just begun when the treaty was completed. The first annual 

 report emphasized an urgent need for nuclear power in the Com- 

 munity and its optimistic outlook for the economic competitiveness 

 of this new energy source. Other fields of nuclear activity received 

 lesser priority. Euratom's role as a middleman, a broker, was em- 

 phasized : 193 



The Commission is entrusted by the Euratom Treaty with the task of creating 

 conditions necessary for the establishment and growth of nuclear industries. It 

 stimulates initiative and encourages cooperation, follows the progress being made 

 in various fields, guides investment and endeavors in every sphere and at all 

 levels to achieve its aim of building up the independent nuclear industry. 



On the other hand, the Commission sought to avoid "systematic in- 

 tervention," and "any semblance of authoritarianism" or of "isolation- 

 ist paths." 



Euratom's second annual report, for 1959, marked a shift away from 

 immediate application of nuclear power toward priority for nuclear 

 research. While Euratom's nuclear power program continued, its sense 

 of urgency and immediacy was gone. Top priority was assigned to es- 

 tablishment of a Euratom university — a concept that won no support. 

 In its third annual report, for 1960, the change in Euratom's goals 

 was marked by a transition from short to long term goals. By then 

 Euratom was asserting that a condition for its success, and for that of 

 the whole European integration, was to overcome traditional attitudes 

 of governments, civil servants, and organizations. The Commission 

 assigned the highest priority to ". . . marshalling all the resources at 

 its command to foster a European spirit." 194 This goal and the closely 

 related proposal for a Euratom university, became a recurring theme 

 in atomic integration debates. 



Research for Nuclear Power 



A principal function of Euratom was to coordinate nuclear research 

 among the six nations. To this end, the Treaty directed Euratom to 

 invite member states, persons, or enterprises to inform it of their nu- 



183 European Atomic Energy Community. First General Report on the Activities of the 

 Community, 1958 (Brussels-Luxembourg, 1959). p. 55. 



1B * European Atomic Energy Communitv. Third General Report on the Activities of the 

 Communities, 1969 (Brussels-Luxembourg, February 1970), pp. 7-14. 



