378 



High U.S. profile: 



Competition stimulated for arms acquisition among states of a region with 



intensified intraregional tensions ; and 

 Hostility invited on the part of the Great Powers against both the arms 



supplier and the recipient. 



Type Txoo : Natural resources and economic development of a region, 

 with direct bilateral support from the United States to the nations of 

 the region. (Example: postwar U.S. aid to Eastern Mediterranean 

 Region — Greece, Turkey, etc.) 



Advantages to the United States : 



Direct U.S. legislative control of aid policy and spending levels ; 



Acceptability to U.S. Congress ; 



Encouragement of U.S. exports; benefits to U.S. industry, both present and 



future ; and 

 Assurance of positive U.S. leverage on policy formulation of recipient 



nations. 



Disadvantages to the United States : 



High U.S. profile ; 



Persistent reliance invited on particular kinds of U.S. assistance and 



technicians ; 

 Progressive resentment and antagonism generated toward the United States 



as progress is achieved ; 

 High costs to the United States in proportion to development results 



achieved ; 

 Competition generated among regional states for U.S. donations ; and 

 Distortion of world trade patterns. 



Type Three : A developmental region receiving aid primarily from 

 two sources — contributions from countries in the region, and multi- 

 national institutions (e.g., United Nations Development Program, 

 World Bank, Asian Development Bank, etc.), of which the United 

 States is one of many sponsors. (Example: Mekong Lower Basin 

 Project as meeting most of the criteria.) 



Advantages to the United States : 



Shared costs — larger developmental results per U.S. dollar outlay ; 



Lower U.S. profile ; 



International cooperation, fostered both within the region and between the 



region and the supporting international institution (s) : 

 Strengthened responsibility and management skills of both the region 



and the international institution (s) ; and 

 Exertion of pressure generally on donor nations to accept exports from the 



developing region. 



Disadvantages to the United States : 



Reduct ion of U.S. control of disposition of aid funds : 



Minimal acceptability to U.S. Congress : 



Primary emphasis of development on economic priorities of the nations 



Of the region, rather than on compatibility with U.S. economy: 

 Pressure on U.S. to ease trade harriers, and accept exports from the coun- 

 tries of the region. 



Unlike the various examples of regional security arrangement 

 (NATO. ANZrS. SEATO, etc.), the Mekong Lower Basin Project 

 was directed explicitly at development <>f resources of a river ha sin. by 

 r rather close analogy with the TVA. Its leadership shifted early 

 from its Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East ( ECAFE) 

 sponsorship <<> an internal organization in which the representatives 

 <»!' i he Riparian Nations spoke for their respective sovereignties. Presi- 

 dent Johnson's proposal to support the project was welcomed by the 



