CONTENTS 



Page 



I. Reasons, Purpose, and Scope 131 



Some Reasons for the Study 131 



Scope and Limitations of the Study 131 



Sources of Information 133 



II. Some Facts About Nuclear Power 134 



Fission and Fusion: Two Sources of Nuclear Energy 134 



Breeding or the Conversion of Useless Atoms Into Useful 



Nuclear Fuel 134 



Natural and Enriched Uranium as Nuclear Fuel 134 



Plutonium: A Manmade Nuclear Fuel 135 



Commercial Nuclear Power 136 



The Nuclear Fuel Cycle 137 



Fusion Power: An Expectation Yet To Be Fulfilled 138 



Safeguards : Ways To Assure Discovery of Unauthorized Diver- 

 sion of Fissionable Materials 139 



Some Limitations of Safeguards 140 



III. From Hiroshima to Atoms for Peace: Postwar Trends in Regional 



Multinational Cooperation in Europe 141 



An Initial Prohibition of International Cooperation 141 



Initial Pessimism Toward Nuclear Power 142 



Changing Technology and Diplomacy 143 



Interest in International Collaboration 143 



The Evolving Scene: 1945-1953 144 



The Postwar Struggle 144 



The Marshall Plan 145 



The Truman Doctrine 145 



Unification in Europe 146 



The European Coal and Steel Community 146 



The European Economic Community 146 



Common Organs of the European Communities 147 



The Commission of the European Communities 147 



The Council of Ministers 147 



The European Parliament 147 



The Economic and Social Committee 147 



The Court of Justice 148 



Financing the Communities 148 



The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 148 



U.S. Attitude Toward European Unity 148 



IV. Atoms for Peace: A Presidential Initiative 150 



Origins of Atoms for Peace 150 



President Eisenhower's U.N. Address : 150 



Implications for Nuclear Power in Europe 152 



Legislation for Atoms for Peace 152 



The Eisenhower Proposal to Congress 153 



The Congressional Response 153 



International Cooperation and the Atomic Energy Act of 1954_ 154 



Some Questions From the Scientific Community 156 



Accomplishments of Atoms for Peace 156 



V. Bilateral Agreements for U.S. Technical Assistance to Commercial 



Nuclear Energy in Europe 158 



Legislation for Technical Cooperation in Nuclear Energy 158 



AEC Organization: The Division of International Programs — 160 



The First Bilateral Agreements for Nuclear Cooperation 161 



Pressures To Promote Nuclear Power Abroad 161 



(125) 



