127 



Page 

 VII. Creating a Regional Nuclear Organization — Continued 



Establishing the Infrastructure for European Nuclear Power... 209 

 Financing and Operating Commercial Nuclear Power- 

 plants 210 



Creating a Nuclear Common Market 210 



Joint Enterprises: An Innovation in International Organi- 

 zation 210 



Early Changes in Euratom Objectives 211 



Research for Nuclear Power 211 



Funding of Euratom Research 212 



In-House Research and Development for Euratom 212 



Dissension, Crisis, and Delay in Euratom's Programs 213 



The First 5- Year Plan (1958-1962) 214 



The Second 5- Year Plan (1963-1967) 214 



Failure To Adopt a Third 5- Year Plan 215 



Plutonium for Fast Breeder Research 216 



The Supply and Control of Nuclear Materials 216 



Supranational Ownership of Nuclear Fuel Materials 217 



Supplying Nuclear Materials 217 



Euratom Manufacture of Enriched Uranium 217 



Some Difficulties of the Supply Agency 218 



Safeguarding Nuclear Fuel Materials 218 



Euratom Safeguards and U.S. Policy 220 



Euratom and Nuclear Safety 220 



Euratom and Environmental Effects of Nuclear Power. . 221 



Duplication and Dilution of Effort 221 



Proposals for New Research Functions for Euratom 222 



The McKinney Report Recommendations of 1959 222 



Views of the EEC 223 



Conclusions and Current Issues 223 



VIII. Joint United States-Euratom Research and Development 226 



U.S. Interest in Euratom Demonstration of Nuclear Power 227 



Initiation of the Joint Programs 228 



The United States-Euratom Agreement of 1958 229 



The Joint Boards: An Organizational Innovation 230 



A Note on the Environment of the Negotiations 230 



The Euratom Cooperation Act of 1958 231 



A Bilateral Agreement With Euratom 232 



The Joint Power Program 233 



The First Invitation To Participate 233 



The Second Round of Invitations 235 



Financing the Demonstration Plants 235 



The Fuel Guarantee Authority 235 



The Joint Research Program 236 



The First 5- Year Plan (1959-1964) 236 



The Second 5- Year Plan (1965-1969) 237 



Conclusions and Current Issues 237 



IX. The Nuclear Energy Agency: Another Regional Approach to 



International Organization for Nuclear Energy 239 



Origins of the Nuclear Energy Agency 239 



NEA Functions 239 



Some NEA Innovations in Organization of International 



Projects 240 



The Halden Project in Norway 240 



The Dragon Project in the United Kingdom 241 



The Eurochemic Project in Belgium 242 



Building the Infrastructure for Nuclear Power 242 



NEA and Safeguards for Nuclear Materials 243 



U.S. Participation in NEA Activities 243 



Conclusions and Current Issues 244 



X. U.S. Fuel for European Nuclear Power 246 



The Enriched Uranium Business 246 



Requirements for Enriched Uranium and Enrichment Services. 247 



96-525 O - 77 - vol. 1 



