230 Transactions. — Zoology. 



Prothorax : Dorsal tubercle very prominent, having about 

 a dozen anterior and two posterior setae on each side. Supra- 

 spiracular tubercle about three setae, prespiracular about ten 

 setae ; spiracle posterior ; tubercle above leg has about ten 

 setae. 



Meso- and post-thorax : The dorsal tubercles (medio) 

 appear to be coalesced, and are exceedingly setiferous. A 

 subdorsal and two other tubercles are one below another, 

 with about ten to fourteen setae each ; a smaller tubercle, 

 slightly anterior, above the legs bears three or four setae. 

 Above the subdorsal tubercle is a small posterior tubercle 

 with one seta. 



The thoracic legs terminate as in the preceding stage. 



Abdominal segments : Anterior trapezoidal about a 

 quarter the size of posterior, and bears three setae ; post 

 trapezoidal bear ten setae. Supraspiracular is midlateral, 

 bearing about fourteen setae. The spiracle is immediately 

 anterior to the uppermost seta of the post subspiracular 

 tubercle, which bears about ten setae. Immediately below 

 this the other subspiracular bears the same number of setae, 

 and below this a small tubercle bears three setae. The 

 abdominal feet bear several single setae. 



The numerous setae render it extremely difficult to make a 

 description which is absolutely accurate. The larva lived 

 until about three-quarter grown, and I did not observe any 

 further structural difference. The setae throughout were 

 brown, but the subspiracular setae were lighter brown than 

 the dorsal setae. Mr. Howes states that the larva, when full 

 fed, is ljin. in length. 



Pupa. (Plate XIII., figs. 9, 10.) 

 The pupa is enclosed in an oval cocoon of coarse silk 

 threads interwoven with larval setae. The cocoon is rather 

 dark-brown in colour, and the enclosed pupa can be seen 

 through it. 



Male pupa: Length, about fin.; at widest, Jin. Colour 

 very dark-brown, with paler incisions. Wing-cases extend to 

 the middle of 4th abdominal segment ventrally. Abdominal 

 segments 5 and 6 are free; 7, 8, 9, 10 are consolidated and 

 lessen rapidly, forming a rounded extremity with a rather 

 sharp terminal process. The anal armature consists of about 

 twelve stout bristles, with innumerable sharp points at their 

 clubbed end (fig. 10). The anal armature of Nyctemcra 

 annulata (fig. 11) consists of numerous hooks, not straight 

 bristles, and under a high power these are seen to be ball- 

 tipped, resembling closely the anal armature of some Noctua 

 (fig. 7, Melanchra mutans). In the position of larval tu- 

 bercles numerous rudimentary setae, pale yellowish-brown in 



