lob Transactions. 



travelled lie sometimes ordered the trumpet to be sounded, and 

 the distant villagers in the pa at once cooked food for the war- 

 lord and his war-bands. Locke, in these Transactions, in 1882, 

 gives an interesting account of a chief who thus announced him- 

 self, and how such announcement led to a devastating war. 



Pukaea. 



Williams, in his dictionary, says this was a long trumpet 

 made of totara. Tregear says, pa=to blow, kaea = to wander 

 forth. A " blow " that carries far is an apt name for this in- 

 strument ; that blown by an excited burly Maori would carry 

 for miles. Putara is a conch shell with mouthpiece used as a 

 trumpet, and putorino is a nasal flute. Puroraiti was a trumpet 

 used at the marae in Samoa. It is noteworthy that putatara 

 (conch-shell trumpet) is a capital word, so like the instrument : 

 pu and ta-ta-ta-tara is an accurate copy of the notes " ta-ta- 

 tara " which Mr. Warren has just drawn out of this pukaea for 

 your pleasure. 



These trumpets were always made of durable well-dried 

 totara, beautifully fitted together, and bound tight round from 

 nozzle to within 3 in. of the other end with supplejack very 

 tightly and neatly laid round it, each layer closely touching its 

 predecessor. Colenso says the joinings of the totara were closely 

 cemented together by a native gum. The supplejack binding 

 held the totara limbs together. 



At the point where the long narrow tube widens into the 

 funnel, transversly athwart it inside are two narrow pegs of 

 wood. Tregear says the Maoris called this tohe (tohe-tohe is the 

 uvula). In looking through the trumpet more towards the sun- 

 light I discovered a third peg about 6 in. from the mouthpiece. 

 The presence of this third tohe is, I believe, a new discovery. I 

 have seen no reference to it in Buller's or Hamilton's works or 

 elsewhere. The presence of these three tohe is curious. Doubt- 

 less they affect the tune of the instrument. They may not exist 

 in all trumpets. 



Rarity and Uses and Antiquity. 



These trumpets were always very rare — confined in manu- 

 facture to the Hot Lakes district, though doubtless carried rarely 

 to distant parts. Hamilton, in his great work on " Maori Art," 

 photographs several in museums : one with two funnel-shaped 

 trumpet-ends arising from the same tube. Colenso said they 

 were so rare that when he saw Locke's trumpet twenty years 

 ago he had not seen one for twenty years previously ; and as 

 Colenso was here as far back as the "thirties" of the last cen- 

 tury, it is clear how rare they were. They were used as alarms 



