392 Transactions. 



cells, filling up the ridge on the lower side of the leaf. This ridge 

 is further strengthened by a double layer of thick-walled epi- 

 dermal cells (l.ep.). 



Ligusticum latifolium, Hook. 1, Handbook. 



" Eadical leaves 1 ft. to 2 ft. long or more ; petioles sheath- 

 ing at the base, sheath shortly ligulate, blade ovate excessively 

 coriaceous 2-pinnate, segments obliquely cuneate below, with 

 broad winged bases, unequally 3-5-lobed, lobes acuminate with 

 acute points and thickened margins."* 



" Lateral segments not flat, but bent inwards, bringing the 

 two surfaces into proximity, and the upper half in a vertical 

 position with regard to light. "f 



Hab. — Lord Auckland Group and Campbell Island ; abundant 

 in moist places.} 



On Lord Auckland Islands it occurs " on the stony beach of 

 Adam's Island, abutting on the Pleurophyllum meadow, and not 

 much exposed to the sea-spray " (p. 240) ; also in the Pleuro- 

 phyllum meadow itself it is found in splendid profusion owing 

 to the favourable nature of the peaty soil, which is adapted 

 for plant life. The peat is formed by the decaying leaves of 

 Pleurophyllum,, which afford a home for many earthworms. 

 This causes a richer supply of oxygen in the soil, and a dimin- 

 ished quantity of humic acid. 



On Campbell Island it is found also right down to the rocky 

 shore, and in the adjoining Dracophyllum scrub. This formation 

 is broken up by deep gullies through which flow small streams 

 of water, and these are filled up with dense masses of Ligusticum 

 latifolium, Lig. antipodum, and Stilbocarpa polaris. 



Anatomy (fig. 7). — There is a very thick and wrinkled cuticle 

 [cut.) extending above the epidermis of the leaf. When stained 

 with chlor-zinc-iodine it gives the distinctive yellow colour of 

 cutin. The epidermis (ep.) consists of a single layer of thick- 

 walled cells, more or less flattened. Stomata (st.) (fig. 8c) occur 

 only on the lower epidermis (l.ep.). Below the epidermis comes 

 a very strongly developed stereom (sm.), mixed with collenchyma 

 tissue (col.), which gives a blue colour with chlor-zinc-iodine. 

 On the upper surface this tissue may be 3-4 cells in thickness 

 of rather large cells, and on the lower it is only 2 cells thick at 

 most, and the cells are much smaller. At the edges the leaf 

 stereom tissue is again found attaining a thickness in many cases 

 of 033 mm., and it is the chief constituent of the tissue of the 



*Kirk (1899), p. 200. 



t Cockayne (1903;, p. 262. 



\ Hooker (1864), p. 94. 



