Eerriott. — Plants from the Southern Islands. 393 



acicular points at the ends of the lobes. The stereom is developed 

 in groups consisting of cells with highly translucent cell-walls 

 and very small luniina, represented in rig. 8& by small black 

 strokes. This tissue has been developed to give rigidity to the 

 leaves, to enable them to resist the fierce winds to which they 

 are exposed, and to protect the delicate chlorophyll tissue below. 

 In this way " it performs functions quite similar in many respects 

 to those of the bony skeleton of higher animals."* At inter- 

 vals this strengthening tissue interrupts the chlorenchyma and 

 occupies the whole width of the leaf surrounding the vascular 

 bundle (see fig. 7). The chlorenchyma is differentiated into 

 palisade and spongy tissue, and is more or less separated into 

 strands by the stereom tissue, as mentioned above. The palisade 

 tissue (pal.) is from 3-4 layers thick, and consists of rectangular 

 cells about twice as long as broad, with the chlorophyll usually 

 on the vertical or side walls. The spongy tissue (sp.) is composed 

 of smaller rounder or oval-shaped cells, occupying twice the 

 area that the palisade does, and leaving numerous air-spaces. 

 Just above the lower epidermis come two layers of very much 

 smaller cells densely filled with chlorophyll. The vascular 

 bundles are found surrounded by the stereom tissue (sm.). The 

 smaller veins are frequently imbedded in the palisade tissue 

 with a surrounding mass of stereom. The canals (c.) common 

 to this order above (Umbelliferce) are found both above and below 

 the larger veins. They are bordered by a layer of epithelial 

 cells (b.), which are usually empty, but may contain granular 

 protoplasm. Fig. 8b shows one of these canals enlarged. 



Ligusticum antipodum, Hook, f., Fl. Airfare, i. 17, t. 9, 10. 



" Blade oblong or broadly oblong, 2-3-pinnate, coriaceous, 

 dissected into countless narrow, linear, subulate segments, \ in. 

 broad, with acicular points. "f On the lower surface of each 

 segment is a ridge corresponding with a depression on the upper 

 surface, just above the midrib (see fig. 8a). 



Hab. — Lord Auckland Islands and Campbell Island ; marshy 

 places. J 



In Lord Auckland Group it occurs in the Pleurophyllum 

 meadow with Lig. latifolium, " their stout rhizomes and huge 

 rigid leaves stopping the progress of pedestrians. "§ 



In Campbell Island it is found with Lig. latifolium and Stilbo- 

 carpa polaris in the small streams running at the bottom of the 



* Detmer Moor (1898), p. 518. 

 t Kirk (1899), p. 200. 

 t Hooker (1864), p. 94. 

 § Cockayne, p. 258. 



