Hekriott. — Plants from the Southern Islands. 897 



coriaceous, often shining ; midrib deeply sunk above, narrowed 

 at the base, but scarcely petioled; stipules short, broad, fim- 

 briate or ciliate."* 



Hob. — This woody plant forms one of the most constant 

 constitutents of the scrub formations on the more exposed por- 

 tions of the islands. 



In Auckland Island it occurs on the peaty soil of the sub- 

 alpine meadow, creeping close to the ground, and in that way 

 obtaining shelter from the larger tussocks and more erect plants. 



On Campbell Island it forms one of the ligneous members of 

 the Dracophyllum scrub, the only approach on the island to a 

 forest formation. It is here more luxuriant where it is sheltered 

 from the wind, but still of a prostrate habit. It occurs also at 

 higher elevations in the subalpine meadow and rock formations, 

 still " prostrate " and " stunted." 



On Antipodes Island it is found amongst the scrub, on the 

 tussock slopes, and again in the bog formation, creeping close to 

 the ground ; " its small leaves in winter are quite brown " (p. 295). 



On the rockery this plant is not more than 1 ft. high, but its 

 straggling habit is very evident, while its scraggy branches with 

 their few scattered leaves would easily associate it with a bleak 

 and wind-swept natural home. Its leaves are very small and 

 wedge-shaped, and occur in greater numbers at the ends of the 

 branches. Dr. Cockayne thus describes the bushes : "As for 

 the Coprosmas, they consist within of dense masses of bare inter- 

 lacing twiggy branches. On the periphery alone of such bushes 

 is the actual green part of the plant, and this leafy zone only 

 penetrates into the plant for a distance of 7 cm. at most ' 

 (p. 274). 



Anatomy (fig. 10). — There is a very distinct and wrinkled 

 cuticle (cut.) outside the epidermis on both surfaces of the leaf. 

 The cells of the upper epidermis (ep.) are large, thick-walled, and 

 frequently contain oil-globules (o.g.). There are no stomata on 

 this surface. The lower epidermal cells are only about one- 

 quarter the size, and they are interrupted frequently by sto- 

 mata which are accompanied by subsidiary cells (see fig.). The 

 chlorenchyma is differentiated into palisade (pal.) and spongy 

 (sp.), but the chlorophyll is poorly developed ; instead there are 

 numerous oil-globules (o.g.) throughout this tissue of the leaf. 

 The palisade (pal.) consists of 3-4 layers of cells about four 

 times as long as broad, closely packed together, except at inter- 

 vals where they appear to have small openings, probably air- 

 canals (a.c). These differ from any air-canals described in 

 Ligusticum in that they are not surrounded by an epithelium, 



Kirk (1899), p. 244. 



