The two remaining in-house laboratories are 

 administered jointly hy the DST and the Aero- 

 space Medical Division. These laboratories are 

 headed by Air Force medical officers, and the re- 

 search staffs are partly military and partly civil- 

 ian. The basic research portions of their programs 

 are determined jointly by the laboratory directors 

 and the Director of AFOSR. There is less differ- 

 ence between medical and nonmedical laborato- 

 ries in the Air Force than in the Army and the 

 Navy. 



Of the Air Force's four FFRDC's, only M.I.T. 

 Lincoln Laboratories and the Aerospace Corpora- 

 tion get any Air Force research money, and when 

 they do, they get it from AFOSR on the basis of 

 proposals they submit. M.I.T. Lincoln Laborato- 

 ries is operated by the Massachusetts Institute of 

 Technology for the Electronics Systems Division, 

 and the Aerospace Corporation is a nonprofit cor- 

 poration operated for the Space and Missiles Divi- 

 sion. Both divisions are under the Systems Com- 

 mand . 



Department of Health, Education and 

 Welfare 



The Department of Health, Education and Wel- 

 fare (HEW) estimates obligations of $747 million 

 for basic research in 1977, 20 percent of which is 

 reported as intramural. 



National Institutes of Health 



The National Institutes of Health (NIH) consti- 

 tute the largest portion of HEW's basic research 

 program, with an estimated $670.2 million obliga- 

 tions for 1977. Of this amount, 19 percent is re- 

 ported as intramural, the research being per- 

 formed chiefly at the extensive NIH facilities in 

 Bethesda, Md., known as "the campus." The 

 Director of NIH is appointed by the President 

 with the advice and consent of the Senate. He in 

 turn appoints the directors of the institutes, all of 

 which are on campus except for the National In- 

 stitute for Environmental Health Sciences, locat- 

 ed in Research Triangle Park, N.C., and the Na- 

 tional Institute on Aging, which has its adminis- 

 trative offices on campus but its research facilities 

 at the Gerontology Research Center in Baltimore, 

 Md. There are six other field activities, whose 

 directors are chosen by the scientific director of 

 the controlling institute. The scientific directors of 

 the institutes have a great deal of authority and 

 autonomy, and their appointments by the institute 

 directors are discussed with the Director of NIH 

 and his staff. 



BASIC RESEARCH IN AGENCY LABORATORIES 



The scientific atmosphere at NIH is reminiscent 

 of a university. Each scientific director normally 

 makes major decisions on the research program 

 and delegates a great deal to senior scientists un- 

 der him. Much of the decisionmaking with regard 

 to field activity programs is carried out by discus- 

 sion on a continuing basis rather than by direc- 

 tion. Each institute has an advisory council which 

 periodically reviews its programs and those of its 

 field activities. 



NIH has one FFRDC but reports no basic re- 

 search conducted there, although basic research is 

 done at an in-house activity colocated with it. 



Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health 

 Administration 



The Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health 

 Administration (ADAMHA) reports that 32 per- 

 cent of its $60.1 million 1977 basic research pro- 

 gram is intramural. The directors of the three 

 component institutes — NIMH, NIDA, and 

 NIAAA — are appointed by the Secretary of HEW 

 and the directors appoint their research directors. 



The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) 



conducts its basic research at its facilities on the 

 NIH campus in Bethesda, at St. Elizabeth's Hospital 

 in southeast Washington, D.C., and at the NIH 

 Animal Center in Poolesville, Md. NIMH was once 

 an institute within NIH and the research manage- 

 ment procedures are similar. 



The Addiction Research Center in Lexington, 

 Ky., is part of the Division of Research of the Na- 

 tional Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The 

 Director of the Division appoints the Director of 

 the Center. Although only 5 percent of its basic 

 research program is intramural, NIDA reports 

 important results from this. Part of the Center's 

 program is mandated by law; the balance is pro- 

 posed by the Center and approved by headquar- 

 ters. 



The National Institute on Aleohol Abuse and Alco- 

 holism (NIAAA) conducts a small amount of 

 animal work at St. Elizabeth's Hospital and some 

 other nonclinical basic research in Rockville. Md., 

 where permanent research facilities are planned. 

 Some clinical research is performed in collabora- 

 tion with the Veterans Administration and private 

 hospitals, which do their portion of the work un- 

 der contract to NIAAA. Negotiations are under- 

 way which would make beds available at NIH for 

 NIAAA in-house clinical research. 



The Public Health Service has many more labo- 

 ratories than those described for NIH and 

 ADAMHA, but they are reported as doing no ba- 

 sic research. 



AND FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTERS 245 



