nontarget organisms in the environment. 



Crisp. C. E. 1972. The molecular design of systemic insecti- 

 cides and organic functional groups in translocation. Tahori, 



A. S. (Ed) Proc. 2nd International lUPAC Congress of Pesti- 

 cide Chemistry 1:211-264. 



Crisp. C. E.. Richmond. C. E., Gillette. N. L.. Look. M.. and 



B. A. Lucus. 1974. Phloem transport of biolahile acidic phos- 

 phoramidothieate insecticides Larinkari. J. (Ed) Proc. .^rd In- 

 ternational lUPAC Congress of Pesticide Chemistry pp. 1-31. 



Chemical Properties of Wood 



Basic research on the structures and reactions 

 of the chemical components of wood has led to 

 advances in the basic understanding of tree chem- 

 istry and to assessments of the potential of wood 

 as a source of industrial chemicals. Major ad- 

 vances have been made in methods for characteriz- 

 ing and quantifying the carbohydrate, lignin, oleo- 

 resin, and extractive components in both hard- 

 woods and softwoods. 



The complex stereochemistry of numerous 

 wood carbohydrates has been described, as has 

 the significance of this molecular geometrical ar- 

 rangement to chemical reaction kinetics. New 

 phenolic compounds in hardwood heartwood ex- 

 tracts and new terpenoid components in pine bark 

 extracts have been discovered and related to bio- 

 genetic processes. Synthetic chemical cellstressing 

 can increase yields of oleoresins from pines with- 

 out altering the basic chemistry of oleoresin pro- 

 duction by the cell. Basic data have been devel- 

 oped on this biodegradation of lignocellulosic 

 material by enzyme systems. This basic chemical 

 research provides fundamental knowledge for 

 understanding and improving pulping processes, 

 preservative treatments, and chemical byproduct 

 recovery from wood-processing plants. 



Feather. M. S. and J. P. Harris. 196,'i. The acid-catalyzed hy- 

 drolysis of glycopyranoside. Journal of Organic Chemistry. 

 30:153-157. 



Kirk. T. K. and L. F. Lorenz. 1973. Methoxyhydroquinone 

 and intermediate of vanillale catabolism by polyporus di- 

 chrous. American Society for Microbiology, pp. 173-175. 



Rowe. J. W. and J. K. Toda. 1969. Absolute configuration at 

 C-4 of calamenene, 7-hydroxycalamenenal and the new natu- 

 rally occurring sesquiterpene, 7-hydroxycalamenenal. 

 Chemistry and Industry, pp. 922-923. 



Saeman. J. R.. W. E. Moore. R. L. Mitchell and M. A. Mil- 

 lett. 1954. Techniques for the determination of pulp constitu- 

 ents by quantitative paper chromatography. TAPPl. 

 Vol:37:8:336-343. 



Seikel. M. K.. J. H. S. Chow and L. Feldman 1965. The Gly- 

 coflavonoid pigments of vitex lucens wood. Purchased by 

 FPL-USDA Supported in part by Research Grant G-9338 to 

 Wellesley College NSF. 439-455. 



Wood Fiber Properties 



Basic research related to wood fiber products 

 has advanced the fundamental understanding of 

 the papermaking process, making possible signifi- 

 cant improvements in paper products. Wet 

 strength is an important paper property. Moisture 

 breaks interfiber bonds, thereby weakening the 

 paper. It has been found that swelling action of 

 wet fibers is a more significant factor in breaking 

 interfiber paper bonds than is the direct bond dis- 

 placement of solvation action of the water on the 

 fibers. A formaldehyde treatment can block the 

 entry of water into wood fibers, preventing initial 

 swelling and preventing the rupture of interfiber 

 bonds. Similarly, it has been found that fiber 

 movement due to shrinkage during drying also 

 ruptures bonds. Physical restraint (pressing) can 

 sufficiently reduce fiber movements during drying 

 to enhance paper strength. 



Basic research studies in orienting or aligning 

 fibers in paper, "unwinding" the individual wood 

 fibers into their smaller microfibril structural com- 

 ponents, also are pointing the way toward better 

 paper materials. New discoveries in the field of 

 ways to measure the basic physical properties of 

 fibers and papers enable more rigorous engineering 

 of paper product designs, making paper a vastly 

 more useful and serviceable material of construc- 

 tion. 



Byrd. V. L., V. C. Setterholm and J. F. Wichmann. 1975. 

 Method for measuring the interlaminar shear properties of 

 paper. TAPPl. Vol: 58; 3:139-149. 



Caulfield, D.F. and R. A. Steffes. 1969. Water-induced recrys- 

 tallization of cellulose. TAPPl, Vol: 52: 7:1361-1366. 



McMillin. C. W. 1969. Aspects of fiber morphology affecting 

 properties of handsheets made from loblolly pine refiner 

 groundwood. Wood Science and Technology, Vol: 3. 139-149. 



Setterholm. V. C. and E. W. Kuenzi. 1970. Fiber orientation 

 and degree of restraint during drying effect on tensile aniso- 

 tropy of paper handsheets. TAPPl, Vol: 53. 10:1915-1920. 



Stockman, V. E. 1971. Effect of pulping on cellulose structure 

 Part II. Fibrils contract longitudinally. TAPPl. Vol:54: 

 12:2038-2045. 



Zinkel, D. F. and L. C. Zank. 1968. Separation of resin from 

 fatty acid methyl ester by gel-permeating chromatography. 

 Analytical Chemistry, Vol:40; 1144-1 146. 



Behavioral Chemicals for Insect Control 



Behavioral chemicals are substances of plant or 

 animal origin that function in orientation of in- 

 sects to their hosts or in communication between 

 individual insects. Pheromones are natural prod- 

 ucts of insects that function as chemical media- 

 tors of behavior and cause insects to aggregate at 

 a food source or attract the opposite sex for mat- 



AGRICULTURE 



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