1968, and having total citations of 30 or more for 

 the period 1968-1975 are listed helow. NOAA au- 

 thors are italicized. 



1 Utiaul. W. F. ;ind Cohen. R.. Modifying the ionosphere 

 with intense radio waves. Science. 2.M-2.';.s. 1971. (Numher of 

 citations: 46.) 



2. Kane. S. R. and Donnelly. R. F.. Impulsive hard x-ray and 

 ultraviolet emission during solar flares. Astrophysics J. 164, 

 IM-I6.V 1971. Oi<.) 



■f. Simpson. J iind Wiggert. V .. Models of precipitating cumu- 

 lus towers. Monthly Weather Rev,. 471-489, 1969. (?■».) 



4. Hansen. R, T.. Garcia. C. Hansen. ,S., and l.oomis. H. G.. 

 Brightness \ariations of the white light corona durmg the years 

 1964-67. Solar Physics, 1969. (3.V) 



5. Bailey. D. K.. Some quantitative aspects of electron precip- 

 itation in and near the auroral ^one. Rev. Geophys. 6. No. .1. 

 289-346, 1968. (.«.) 



6. McManus. D. A., Burns. R. H et al.. Regional aspects of 

 deep sea drilling in the Northeast Pacific. Initial Report of 

 Deep Sea Drilling Project ^ 1970 (32.1 



7 Williams. D. J.. Fritz. J. A., and Konradi. A.. Observations 

 of proton spectra and fluxes at plasmapause, J. Geophys, Res. 

 78, No. 22. 4751-47.S<;, 1973. (31.) 



8. Kessler. E.. On the distribution and continuity of water 

 substance in atmospheric circulations. Meteorological Mono- 

 graph 10, 1-84, 1969. (31.) 



9. Cohen. R. and Whitehead. J D.. Radio-reflectivily detec- 

 tion of artificial modification of the ionospheric F layer. J 

 Geophys. Res. 7.S. No. 31. 64.^-644.';. 1970. (.^0.) 



Current and Future Research 

 Emphasis 



The most significant NOAA projects involving 

 basic research that are currently in progress are 

 discussed below. 



Climate. The climate of the Earth is simulated 

 through the use of a new global general circula- 

 tion mathematical model to determine the model's 

 capability for simulating the distribution of cloud 

 cover and radiative flux in light of recent observa- 

 tions from meteorological satellites. The model 

 will also be employed for simulations based on 

 boundary conditions obtained from paleoclimatic 

 reconstructions of 18,000 years ago.. Mathemati- 

 cal atmospheric circulation models will be applied 

 to the study of the natural variability of climate 

 and to the study of the stability of climate under 

 external stimuli, including the photochemical in- 

 teractions of ozone with the dynamical circulation 

 and the variation of carbon dioxide involving the 

 buffering of carbon dioxide by the biosphere and 

 the oceans. 



Chemistry, physics, and dynamics of the strato- 

 sphere. A comprehensive study of the chemistry. 



physics, and dynamics of the stratosphere in- 

 volves: (I) Global measurements of the concentra- 

 tions of stratospheric constituents to obtain their 

 temporal and spatial distributions: (2) laboratory 

 measurements of chemical and photochemical 

 reaction rates of stratospheric constituents: (3) 

 numerical models of the stratosphere including 

 one- and two-dimensional models emphasizing 

 dynamics; and (4) remote measurements and data 

 analysis of small-scale stratospheric dynamics in- 

 cluding turbulence and diffusion. 



Solar-terrestrial physics. Theoretical and experi- 

 mental research studies are conducted to under- 

 stand the fundamental physical processes respon- 

 sible for and causing: (!) The observed energy 

 release in the form of electromagnetic and particle 

 radiation at the solar surface during solar distur- 

 bances; (2) the propagation of this energy through 

 the interplanetary medium to the near-earth envi- 

 ronment: (3) the transfer of this energy from the 

 near-earth interplanetary medium into the Earth's 

 magnetic field, the magnetosphere; and (4) the 

 behavior and subsequent effects of this energy 

 within the magnetosphere. the ionosphere, and 

 upper atmosphere regions. 



Severe storms research. Studies are underway 

 on the circulation of severe storms and tornadoes, 

 including the origin and fate of storm energy and 

 the numerical modeling of dynamical, thermody- 

 namical. microphysical. and electrical processes 

 within severe .storms. 



Structure and motion of the oceans, continental 

 shelf processes. Investigations of the structure, 

 velocity, extent, and variation of nearshore and 

 ocean currents; the time and space variations of 

 currents; and the physical properties and chemical 

 characteristics of nearshore waters are continuing. 

 The continental shelf and open ocean tides are 

 being studied through the use of deep sea tide 

 gage data and comprehensive satellite tidal data. 

 Studies into the behavior and dispersion rate of 

 geographic change and sediment onto the ocean 

 floor of man-induced matter, and the origins and 

 distribution of major physiographic features on 

 the continental shelf are continuing. 



Geodetic studies. The relationships between ver- 

 tical changes of the land mass in tectonically ac- 

 tive areas and observed tidal changes, and be- 

 tween elevation and gravity changes in tectonically 

 active areas rf the United States are being stud- 

 ied. Use of satellite radar altimeter data is being 

 used to determine nature of geoidal fluctuations 

 over marine features such as the shelf-slope 

 break, seamounts, island chains, etc. Comprehen- 

 sive research is underway to determine the rate of 

 uplift in tectonically active areas such as the 

 "Palmdale Bubble" of California and the Aleutian 

 Island arc system. A formulation of geodetic 



42 



COMMERCE 



