science and technology and to serve as his science 

 adviser. At about the same time the Science Advi- 

 sory Committee in the Office of Defense Mobili- 

 zation was transferred to the Executive Office of 

 the President and transformed into the President's 

 Science Advisory Committee. The PSAC Panel on 

 Research Policy report, "Strengthening American 

 Science," resulted in the establishment, in 1959, 

 of the Federal Council for Science and Technolo- 

 gy. Unexpectedly, Executive Order 10807. which 

 established the Federal Council, also revoked 

 Executive Order 9912 and thus terminated 

 ICSRD. 



The history of the FCST is described in detail 

 in the previously cited report prepared by the 

 Congressional Research Service of the Library of 

 Congress. It covers three periods: (1) from 1959 

 to 1962, when the Office of Science and Technolo- 

 gy was created in the Executive Office of the 

 President; (2) from 1962 to 1973, when the Office 

 of Science and Technology was abolished; and (3) 

 from 1973 to 1976, when the Federal Council was 

 located in the National Science Foundation. 



Throughout this 17- year period the Federal 

 Council operated with a wide variety of commit- 

 tees in order to carry out the functions listed in 

 Executive Order 10807, as amended by Executive 

 Order 11381, November 8, 1967. The coordination 

 function is implicit in the following excerpts from 

 E.O. 10807, as amended; 



(1) Functions of Council 



(a) The Council shall consider problems and 

 developments in the fields of science and 

 technology and related activities affecting 

 more than one Federal agency or con- 

 cerning the overall advancement of the 

 Nation's science and technology, and 

 shall recommend policies and other mea- 

 sures 



(i) to provide more effective planning 

 and administration of Federal scien- 

 tific and technological programs, 

 (ii) to identify research needs including 

 areas of research requiring additional 

 emphasis, 

 (iii) to achieve more effective utilization 

 of the scientific and technological 

 resources and facilities of Federal 

 agencies, including the elimination of 

 unnecessary duplication, and 

 (iv) to further international cooperation in 



science and technology, 

 in developing such policies and measures 

 the Council, after consulting, when con- 

 sidered appropriate by the Chairman, the 

 National Academy of Sciences, the Presi- 

 dent's Science Advisory Committee, and 

 other organizations, shall consider 



(i) the effects of Federal research and 

 development policies and programs 

 on non-Federal programs and institu- 

 tions, 

 (ii) long-range program plans designed to 

 meet the scientific and technological 

 needs of the Federal Government, 

 including manpower and capital re- 

 quirements, and 

 (iii) the effects of non-Federal programs 

 in science and technology upon Fed- 

 eral research and development poli- 

 cies and programs, 

 (b) The Council shall consider and recom- 

 mend measures for the effective imple- 

 mentation of Federal policies concerning 

 the administration and conduct of Feder- 

 al programs in science and technology. 



(2) At least one such standing committee shall 

 be composed of scientist-administrators rep- 

 resenting Federal agencies, shall provide a 

 forum for consideration of common adminis- 

 trative policies and procedures relating to 

 Federal research and development activities 

 and formulation of recommendations there- 

 on, and shall perform such other related 

 functions as may be assigned to it by the 

 Chairman of the Council. 



(3) The Council shall be advisory to the Presi- 

 dent and to the heads of Federal agencies 

 represented on the Council; accordingly, this 

 order shall not be construed as subjecting 

 any agency, officer, or function to control 

 by the Council. 



Table 8.1 provides a composite list of all FCST 

 committees, panels, groups, etc., established dur- 

 ing the period 1959-1976. Table 8.2 shows which 

 departments and agencies were members or ob- 

 servers of FCST committees or task forces in 

 1976. 



The Federal Council for Science and Technolo- 

 gy was abolished in 1976 when the Office of Sci- 

 ence and Technology Policy (OSTP) was estab- 

 lished in the Executive Office of the President in 

 accordance with the provisions of the National 

 Science and Technology Policy, Organization and 

 Priorities Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-282). A 

 President's Committee on Science and Technolo- 

 gy (PCST) and a new Federal Coordinating Coun- 

 cil for Science, Engineering, and Technology 

 (FCCSET) were established in OSTP, with 

 FCCSET having essentially the same functions as 

 FCST, which it replaced. 



Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977 



Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977, transmitted 

 to the Congress on July 15, 1977, abolished both 



INTERAGENCY COORDINATION OF BASIC RESEARCH 293 



