sonnel, and research facilities and equipment 

 within the academic departments of the universi- 

 ty. This is in contrast to many internal university 

 research institutes and centers which either assist 

 academic faculty in obtaining outside grants or 

 which make grants to academic faculty from the 

 institute's or center's own funds for support of 

 research conducted by the academic faculty in 

 departmental facilities provided and equipped by 

 the academic program of the university. 



The director of the SAES allocates to each 

 department on a continuing basis funds for re- 

 search support costs, including nonfaculty person- 

 nel costs. In total, those continuing departmental 

 allocations are a high percentage of all continuing 

 support funds available to the SAES. It is the re- 

 sponsibility of the department head to allocate 

 those continuing support funds among departmen- 

 tal faculty annually for support of approved SAES 

 projects, subject to periodic review and approval 

 by the SAES director. The department head also 

 reviews the needs of the faculty for supplemental 

 support of their research on SAES projects and 

 makes recommendations to the SAES for the fund- 

 ing of such needs from the director's reserves. In a 

 typical college of agriculture, SAES funding ac- 

 counts for 60 percent or more of total research and 

 academic faculty salaries and 80 percent or more 

 of total support costs of research and academic 

 activities of the faculty. 



In the short run, the SAES research project is 

 the primary unit of research resource management 

 within the academic department and within the 

 SAES. The research effort of each faculty mem- 

 ber paid and/or supported by the SAES is defined 

 in one or more project outlines. A project typical- 

 ly has a duration of three to five years but is 

 commonly t>f longer duration for projects that are 

 predominately basic. Each project outline de- 

 scribes project objectives, justification for attack- 

 ing the problem, the current state of knowledge 

 and the status of other research in this and in 

 closely related problem areas, research methods 

 and procedures to be utilized in achieving the 

 objectives, and resource requirements. 



Various devices are used by the SAES director 

 to help ensure faculty project proposals that are 

 of high quality from a scientific point of view and 

 that are devoted to priority problems of the 

 SAES. The first device is liberal support of facul- 

 ty involvement in the affairs of professional and 

 scientific organizations. The second is a process 

 of continuous communication among the director, 

 the department head, and the faculty. A third de- 

 vice is planned involvement of SAES faculty in 

 research program reviews and discussions with 

 the users of research results. These users include 

 representatives from the agricultural industry and 



rural communities and extension personnel. These 

 reviews and discussions are devoted to content of 

 the current research program and research needs 

 of the SAES clientele. A fourth device is periodic 

 reviews of the research program in major problem 

 areas by teams of peer scientists, normally with 

 CSRS assistance. A fifth device is active encour- 

 agement of and liberal support for faculty study in 

 other research agencies and institutions. 



The State Forestry Research Organizations. The 

 Mclntire-Stennis Act authorizes Congress to ap- 

 propriate funds to the USDA for support of for- 

 estry research programs in designated State For- 

 estry Research Organizations (SFRO). Like Hatch 

 funds, Mclntire-Stennis appropriations are distrib- 

 uted to the SFRO by formula. The funds may be 

 expended only on projects approved by CSRS. 



Overview by the USDA and program planning 

 and resource management are essentially the same 

 for the SFRO as that described in preceding para- 

 graphs for the SAES. The principal difference is 

 in the organization at the State level. 



At the State level, the SFRO may be the SAES, 

 another designated unit of the land-grant universi- 

 ty, or a designated unit of another State universi- 

 ty. Further, the individual who administers the 

 SFRO is known as the Mclntire-Stennis Adminis- 

 trative-Technical Representative. Except for these 

 differences, organization and management of the 

 SFRO is the same as described for the SAES. In 

 fact, in many States the SAES is also the SFRO 

 and the SAES director is the Mclntire-Stennis 

 Administrative-Technical Representative. 



The 1890 Land Grant Universities and Tuskegee 

 Institute. Agricultural research programs of the 

 1890 land grant universities and Tuskegee Insti- 

 tute are funded primarily through research grants 

 from the USDA administered by its CSRS. Typi- 

 cally, some operating funds and the principal cap- 

 ital items at these institutions are provided by the 

 institution, primarily from State appropriations. 



The Federal grant funds are appropriated by the 

 Congress expressly for support of these institu- 

 tions under authority of Public Law 89-106. The 

 USDA is directed to provide assistance to the in- 

 stitutions in developing research programs to fur- 

 ther the purposes of the Department and to en- 

 sure that in each State the program is coordinated 

 with that of the SAES. 



The grant-funded program of the USDA is ad- 

 ministered within each of these institutions by a 

 coordinator employed by the institution. The co- 

 ordinator provides assistance to individual faculty 

 within the academic departments of the institution 

 in developing research grant proposals and in 

 meeting fiscal and performance requirements of 

 the USDA. He also provides liaison between the 

 USDA and the institution and between the institu- 



AGRICULTURE 31 



