5. Wunsch. C. D. V. H:inson. and B. D. Zeller. Fliiclualions 

 of the Florida current inferred from sea level records: Deep 

 Sea Res. 16. Suppl. 447-470. 



6 McAlister, K D., and William McLeish. Heal transfer in 

 the top millimeter of the ocean: J. Geophys Res. 7-t. No. 1.^, 

 3408-3414 



7. Laird. Norman P.. Anomalous temperature of bottom water 

 in the Panama Basin: J. Marine Res. 27. No. 3, 35.'i-3,'i7. 



8. Laird. N. P. and T. V. Ryan, Bottom current measure- 

 ments in the Tasman Sea: J. Geophys. Res. 74. No. 23. 5433- 

 .'1438. 



9. Hanson. Donald V. and Maurice Rattray. Jr.. Estuarine 

 Circulation Induced by Diffusion; Journal of Marine Research 

 30. No. 3. 281-294. 



Stimulation of Resonances and Nonlinear 

 Theory of Turbulence in the Ionosphere 



The first observations of the ionosphere by top- 

 side sounder satellites revealed heretofore unob- 

 served resonances in the ionogram records. Scien- 

 tists from the NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory ex- 

 plained theoretically and verified experimentally 

 the mechanism for the stimulation of resonances 

 near the natural plasma frequencies (Refs. 1-3). 



NOAA's Aeronomy Laboratory has been active 

 in the theoretical explanation of turbulence, irre- 

 gularities, and nonlinear wave interactions in the 

 ionosphere using nonlinear perturbed orbit theory 

 (Refs. 1-4). Attention has recently shifted to the 

 application of similar mathematical techniques to 

 the fundamental theory of neutral atmospheric 

 turbulence and waves. 



Referenced below are pertinent papers and arti- 

 cles (1968-1975). NOAA authors are italicized. 



1. McAfee. J. R.. Ray trajectories in an anisotropic plasma 

 near plasma resonance, J. Geophys. Res. 73. 5.577. 1968. 

 (Number of citations: 31.) 



2. McAfee. J. R.. Topside ray trajectories near the upper hy- 

 grid resonance. J. Geophys. Res. 74. No. 2h, 6403-6408. 1969. 

 (21.1 



3. McAfee. J. R.. Topside resonances as oblique echoes, J 

 Geophys. Res. 74. 802. 1969. (28.) 



4 Wein-ilock. J . Formulation of a statistical theory of strong 

 plasma turbulence. Physics of Fluids, 1969. (55.) 



5. Weinstock. J.. Turbulent diffusion, particle orbits, and field 

 fluctuations in a plasma in a magnetic field. Phys. Fluids II. 

 1977, 1968. (.30.) 



6. Bezzerides. B. and Weinstock. J . Nonlinear saturation of 

 parametric instabilities. Phys. Rev. Letters 28. No. 8. 481-484. 

 1972. (22.) 



7. Skadron. G. and Weinslock. J.. Nonlinear stabilization of a 

 Iwo-stream plasma instability in the ionosphere, J. Geophys. 

 Res. 74, No. 21, 51 13-5126, 1969. (20.) 



Laboratory Measurements of Ion-Neutral 

 Reactions 



Laboratory techniques developed since 1962 in 



NOAA's Aeronomy Laboratory have led to most 

 of the available data on ion-neutral reactions that 

 control the ion composition of the Earth's iono- 

 sphere and also the ionospheres of Mars and Ve- 

 nus. The principal technique developed, called the 

 Flowing Afterglow Technique, has been widely 

 copied in other laboratories where, in addition to 

 its contributions to aeronomy, it is playing a valu- 

 able role in chemical kinetics generally, supplying 

 reaction rate constants and thermochemical data 

 for inorganic and organic systems. The flowing 

 afterglow, originally capable of measuring reac- 

 tion rates at room temperature only, was fash- 

 ioned to operate from 80° to 900°K (Ref. 2), the 

 widest range of temperature yet achieved by any 

 method. Recently the experimental technology 

 has been extended by the development of the so- 

 called Flow-Drift tube, the combination of a flow- 

 ing afterglow system with a drift tube (Ref. 15); 

 this allows the energy dependence of ion-molecule 

 reactions to be measured from 300° to several 

 electron volts relative to ion kinetic energy. The 

 ion-molecule reaction rate continues but emphasis 

 has shifted to the measurement of neutral reaction 

 rates important in the hydrogen, nitrogen, chlor- 

 ine, and sulfur chemistry cycles of the strato- 

 sphere. 



Referenced below are papers and articles from 

 1968 through 1975 concerning ion-neutral reac- 

 tions. NOAA authors are italicized. 



1. McDaniel, Cermak. Dalgarno. Ferguson, and Friedman, Ion 

 Molecule Reactions, book by John Wiley Publ., 1970. (Num- 

 ber of citations: 113.) 



2. Dunkin. Fehsenfeld. Schmeltekopf. and Ferguson. Ion mo- 

 lecule reaction studies from 300 to 600°K in temperature con- 

 trolled flowing afterglow system, J. Chem. Rhys., 1968. (97.) 



3. Schmeltekopf. Ferguson and Fehsenfeld. Afterglow studies 

 of the reactions of He+, He^S, and 0+ with vibrationally ex- 

 cited N,, J. Chem. Phys., 1968. (92.) 



4. Ferguson, Fehsenfeld and Schmeltekopf. Flowing afterglow 

 measurements of ion-neutral reactions. Chapter of book Ad- 

 vances In Atomic and Molecular Physics, Academic Press, 

 1969. (83.) 



5. Fehsenfeld and Ferguson. Origin of water cluster ions in 

 the D region, J. Geophys. Res., 1969. (57.) 



6. Schmeltekopf and Fehsenfeld. De-excitation rate constants 

 for helium metastable atoms with several atoms and mole- 

 cules, J. Chem. Phys., 1970. (53.) 



7. Ferguson and Fehsenfeld. Water vapor ion cluster concen- 

 trations in the D region, J. Geophys. Res. 1969. (51.) 



8. Fehsenfeld. Dunkin, and Ferguson. Rale constant for the 

 reaction of CO, with O, O,, and NO; N2 with O and NO; and 

 O, with NO, Planet. Space'Sci., 1970. (51.) 



9. Ferguson. Thermal energy ion-molecule reactions. Chapter 

 in book Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics, 1968. 



(47.) 



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