O'Rourke, A., Desmond and Kenneth L. Casavant. 

 Interregional and Intertemporal competition in fresh sweet 

 cherries. College of Agr. Res. Center. Bui. 803, Washington 

 State University. Pullman, Wash.. Nov. 1974. 



Riley, John B. 1974. A reactive programming model for the 

 fluid milk industry. Res. Rept. P-697. Okla. Agr. Exp. Sta.. 

 Stillwater, Oklahoma. 



Scale, A. D. and M. B. Allen. 1960. An evaluation of the 

 competitive position of the snap bean industry in Mississippi 

 and competing areas. AEc Tech. Pub. No. 3. Miss. Agr. Exp. 

 Sta. College, Miss. December I960. 



Takayama, T. and G, G. Judge. 1963. Non-linear formulations 

 of spatial equilibrium models and methods for obtaining solu- 

 tions. AERR 66. Ill, Agr. Exp. Sta. in cooperation with Farm 

 Econ. Res. Div.. ERS, USDA. Urbana. ill. 



Tramel, Thomas E. 1965. Reactive programming; An algorithm 

 for solving spatial equilibrium problems. AEC Tech. Pub. No. 

 9, Miss. Agr. Exp. Sta.. State College, Miss. 



Zusman. Pinhas. Abraham Melamed and Itzhak Kalzir. 1969. 

 Possible trade and welfare effects of EEC tariff and "'refer- 

 ence price" policy on the European-Mediterranean market for 

 winter oranges. Giannini Foundation Monograph No 24, Cali- 

 fornia Agr. Exp. Sta., Berkeley. 



Economics of Alternative Technologies and 

 Management Systems in Livestock Production 



An economist working cooperatively with ani- 

 mal .scientists is developing production functions 

 for various classes of beef cattle to reflect a varie- 

 ty of rations, management systems, and environ- 

 mental conditions, and to identify efficient man- 

 agement systems from calf production to delivery 

 of carcass beef. The heat increment of a cattle 

 ration can be a boon in cold weather or a burden 

 in hot weather. A conceptual framework has been 

 developed that provides the basis for: (I) Formu- 

 lating beef rations with different quantities of heat 

 increment relative to net energy and (2) ascertain- 

 ing the differences in animal performance between 

 rations with different relative amounts of heat in- 

 crement under specified conditions of environ- 

 mental stress. Procedures were also developed for 

 formulating such rations. 



Brokken. Ray F. 1971. Programming models for use of the 

 Lofgreen-Garrett net energy system in formulating rations for 

 beef cattle. Jour. Animal Sci. 32:685-691. 



Brokken, Ray F. 1971. Formulating beef rations with varying 

 levels of heat increment. Jour. Animal Sci. 32:692-703. 



Dinius, D. A., R. F. Brokken, K. P. Bovard, and T. S. Rum- 

 sey. 1976. Feed intake and carcass composition of angus and 

 santa gertrudis steers fed diets of varying energy concentra- 

 tion. Jour. Animal Sci. 42:1089-1097. 



Short-run Pricing in Commodity Markets 



The strength of the U. S. economy derives 

 from the ability of markets in the private sector to 

 perform their classic intermediary role of allocat- 



ing resources, goods, and services among buyers 

 and sellers. Recent rapid movements in commodi- 

 ty prices emphasize the need for better under- 

 standing of this pricing process. This need is all 

 the more urgent because of heightened state trad- 

 ing by major new customers such as the U.S.S.R. 

 and the Peoples Republic of China. 



In appreciation of this need, economists had 

 already set out to gain a better understanding of 

 pricing in commodity markets. They examined the 

 statistical properties of the distribution of daily 

 closing futures prices for corn, wheat, soybeans, 

 soybean oil, soybean meal, shell eggs, frozen 

 pork bellies, live cattle, Maine potatoes, and sug- 

 ar. They found that commodity futures prices do 

 not adjust efficiently to new information in the 

 short run, but exhibit more or less regular pat- 

 terns which are not directly the result of shifts in 

 supply and demand. This lack of serial independ- 

 ence in price movements could be due to price 

 manipulation by certain traders or the tendency 

 for groups of traders, for whatever reason, to fol- 

 low the same technical advice or the same charting 

 procedures. 



Mann. Jitendar S.. and Richard G. Heifner. 1976. The distribu- 

 tion of shortrun commodity price movements. U. S. Dept. of 

 Agriculture, Econ. Res. Serv., Nat'l. Econ. Analy. Div., 

 Tech. Bui. No. 1536. 68 pp. 



Paul, Allen B. 1976. Treatment of hedging in commodity mar- 

 ket regulation. U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Econ. Res. Serv.. 

 Nat'l. Econ. Anal. Div., Tech. Bui. No. 15.38. 27 pp. 



Theory of Market Density and Plant Size and 

 Location 



Important extensions of firm and industry theo- 

 ry have been developed that make market density 

 a determinant of the size and location of industry 

 operating units or plants. The theoretical ap- 

 proach for introducing market density into plant 

 and industry models and analyses was developed 

 in the late 1950's and early 1960's. Subsequently, 

 others developed analytical techniques and further 

 refined the theory. These advances have contrib- 

 uted significantly to our understanding of the 

 workings of the total economy and particularly to 

 our understanding of the location of economic 

 activities; for example, the necessary size and 

 density of an industrial-urban complex in order to 

 be economically viable and the social costs of 

 zoning restrictions that limit the density and loca- 

 tion of economic activities. 



Candler. Wilfred. James C. Snyder and William Faught. 1972. 

 Concave programming applied to rice mill location. Amer. J. 

 Agr. Econ. 52:126-130. 



Chern, Wen-Shyong, and Leo Polopolus. 1970. Discontinuous 

 plant cost function and a modification of the Stollsteimer mo- 

 del. Amer. J. Agr. Econ. 52:581-586. 



AGRICULTURE 



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