Table 2. Historical trend of ORD resources. 



Total new 

 obligational 

 authority 

 (in thousands 

 of dollars) 



FY 1971 FY 1972 FY 1973 FY 1974 FY 1975 FY 1976 FY 1977 FY 1978' 



Authorized 

 personnel 



$101,764.0 $123,437.3 $129,807.1 $144,320.9 $282,444.2- $252,423.6 $241,949.4 $245,666.1 

 1,379 1,705 1,914 1,814 1,750 1,750 1,727 1,729 



' FY 1978 Carter budget. 



'$134 million energy /environment program added. 



Source: EPA 



• What technologies are available for control- 

 ling pollution; what are their design and oper- 

 ational requirements, efficiencies, reliabilities, 

 and cost; and how can they best be trans- 

 ferred into actual practice on a national scale? 



ORD has about 1,875 people representing more 

 than 60 different disciplines and specialties. ORD 

 is organized with 4 major operating offices and 19 

 supporting laboratories. About 220 ORD people 

 are located in Washington, D.C., and more than 

 1,600 are in the laboratories and field sites. The 

 total research budget is more than $245 million, 75 

 percent of which is spent on grants and contracts 

 and on interagency agreements; the remaining 25 

 percent is spent on in-house studies. (See Table 2 

 for trends in ORD resources.) 



Although ORD is organized into four offices, its 

 activities must be viewed as an interrelated set. In 

 addition to close coordination within ORD's of- 

 fices, ORD's activities must be coordinated with 

 other Federal environmental research activities 

 and with other parts of EPA. It is estimated that 

 approximately $185 million is spent by EPA on 

 outside R&D for various technical surveys and 

 studies that have research value. ORD's mission- 

 oriented or problem-oriented approach to specific 

 problems often requires coordination of ORD 

 offices. 



The major R&D activities most closely related 

 to the EPA mission and to the advancement of the 

 scientific state of the art are: 



1. Acquisition and evaluation of information 



2. Cost of benefit determination (social and eco- 

 nomic) 



3. Standardization of sample taking, analysis, 

 monitoring, and reporting techniques 



4. Development of abatement and control pro- 

 cesses technology 



5. Determination of the fates and effects of pol- 

 lutants 



6. Investigation of fundamental physical, 

 chemical, and biological characteristics and 

 processes 



7. Investigation of alternative economic, social, 

 legal, and technical strategies for an im- 

 proved environment. 



Table 3 provides a summary of the resources 

 budgeted by program area during the four most 

 recent fiscal years. Table 4 illustrates the formal 

 budget breakdown categorized by specific media 

 for legislative purposes. 



The specific media relate to natural and 

 manmade "sources." These latter sources can be 

 characterized as stationary or mobile, point (i.e.. 



Table 3. Office of Research and Development comparison of 

 planned resource levels in fiscal years 1975. 1976, 1977. and 

 1978 by major program area. 



Program Area FY 1975 FY 1976 FY 1977 FY 1978' 



(millions of dollars) 



Health and 

 ecological 

 effects $ 62 $ 71 $ 64 $ 63 



Industrial 

 processes 27 21 19 18 



Public sector 

 activities 28 30 30 36 



Monitoring and 

 technical 

 support 19 27 26 25 



Energy/ 

 environment.... 133 100 96 96 



Other (ORD program 

 support and manage- 

 ment, ADP, 

 etc.) 9 5 7 7 



Total ORD program $278 $254 $242 $245 



' FY 1978 Carter budget. 

 Source: EPA 



ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 177 



