uses similar procedures, and both agencies use 

 regularly constituted boards of outside advisers to 

 review their in-house research.-''** 



Health Services Administration 



The Health Services Administration (HSA) is 

 concerned with the delivery of health care, and 

 estimates a budget of $3I0,(X)0 for basic research 

 in 1977, all of it intramural, all of it clinical-medi- 

 cal.--'^'^ Discussions with various representatives of 

 the Administration indicate a possibility of confu- 

 sion, however. Clinical-medical is one of the sub- 

 divisions of the life sciences, but it appears that 

 HSA is concerned not with diseases or the orders 

 and disorders of the human body, but with how to 

 deal with patients, especially American Indians 

 and children, in the process of administering 

 health care to them. Therefore, the HSA research 

 may well be classified more properly as social sci- 

 ence. 



were reported to be $11.9 million, but more recent 

 information indicates that this amount was cut to 

 about $7.9 million, all in the social sciences. About 

 18 percent of these funds (reported as intramural) 

 is actually the administrative cost of running the 

 program. 



Almost all the basic research supported by NIE 

 is performed in 17 R&D centers and educational 

 laboratories. These are run by State and private 

 universities or by other nonprofit institutions. -('^ 

 The National Council on Educational Research 

 (NCER), which guides NIE, has recently re- 

 viewed this basic research program in light of a 

 National Academy of Sciences/National Academy 

 of Education study which they had requested. 

 They have concluded that fundamental research 

 relevant to education should be increased, and 

 have decided that an increased portion of NIE's 

 research budget should be devoted to fundamental 

 research beginning in 1979.264 



The National Institute of Education 



The history of the education division of HEW 

 begins in 1867 with the creation of a noncabinet 

 Department of Education, which became a bureau 

 in the Department of the Interior in 1869. In 1874, 

 the title was changed to Office of Education. The 

 Office became part of the Federal Security Agen- 

 cy when that agency was established in 1939. -W) 

 No evidence was found that any research was 

 conducted in the Office until 1952, when it reported 

 a budget of $859,000 for basic research and $162,- 

 000 for applied research, all in the social scien- 

 ces. 261 In 1953 the Olfice of Education became 

 part of HEW. By 1963 the basic research budget of 

 the Office was $4.1 million — $3.3 million of it was 

 obligated for research in psychology and $837,000 

 for the social sciences. Of the total, $405,000 was 

 spent for intramural research activities, $3.4 mil- 

 lion for research done by other nonprofit organiza- 

 tions, $204,000 for work by States and cities, and 

 $15,000 for research in foreign countries. 2^2 fhe 

 National Institute of Education (NIE) was created 

 in 1972 and has taken over basic research started 

 by the Office of Education. (The organization and 

 the manner of handling extramural research are 

 described in the NIE section of Part I.) The funds 

 allocated for basic research in NIE's 1977 program 



-'"Communications from ADAMHA and NIH to NSB staff. 

 May, August, and December 1977. 



-'■'* Federal hiinds. Vol. XXVI, N.SF 77 317, Tables C-30, C- 

 34, and C-40. 



^"'Miles. R. E., Jr., TTie Department of Health. Education 

 and Welfare tPrneger: New York, 1974), p. 140. 

 2t<i Federal Funds. Vol. II, p. 31. 

 -''-Federal Funds. Vol. XIII, N.SF6.S-I3, pp. I4(i-I50. 



352 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND HISTORICAL TRENDS 



Social Security Administration 



The Social Security Administration does some 

 research, but according to the latest submission it 

 is not presently basic research. 265 The Office of the 

 Secretary does do considerable research, the basic 

 part of which is estimated at $1.6 million for 1977, 

 all in the social sciences. This supports an Institute 

 for Research on Poverty at the University of Wis- 

 consin; the research conducted by the Institute is 

 in economics and sociology. 266 



Summary 



HEW conducts a large program of mission-ori- 

 ented basic research. It seems clear that Surgeon 

 General Wyman's goal of a first-class medical re- 

 search organization has been achieved. PHS was 

 prepared to be of great service during World War 

 I. In World War II, disease detection and control 

 had greatly improved; preventatives were available 

 for typhus, typhoid, smallpox, cholera, plague, 

 yellow fever, etc., and malaria was curtailed. Just 

 as PHS played a major role in the control of infec- 

 tious diseases, now it has taken the lead in the next 

 generation of problems — heart disease, cancer, 

 aging, mental disorders, drug abuse, and alcohol- 



-*^ Informal communication from NIE staff to NSB staff, 

 September 1977. 



-^NCER Policy Resolution on Fundamental Research Rele- 

 vant to Education, NCER-GP- 77-02. September 16. 1977. 



-"' Federal Funds. Vol. XXVI. NSF77-3I7, Tables C-.30and C- 

 .34 (.Social Security Administration no longer appears). 



-'^Communication, HEW Office of the Assistant Secretary 

 (Planning and Evaluation) to NSB staff, August 1977. 



