Introduced for ornament and shade in southern 

 Florida, and in parts of the We-st Indies planted as 

 shade for coffee and cacao and for windbreaks. 

 In Grenada the trees are windbreaks for nutmeg 

 plantations. 



Probably native only in the moist coastal and 

 moist limestone forest regions of Puerto Rico. 

 Now distributed as well throughout the lower 

 Cordillera and lower Luquillo regions with a few 

 trees on the dry coast. Also in Vieques, St. Croix, 

 and St. Thomas. 



Public forests. — Native in Cambalache, Guaja- 

 taca, Rio Abajo, and Vega. Introduced into 

 Carite, Guilarte, Luquillo, Maricao, Susua, and 

 Toro Negro. 



Municipalities where especially common. — 

 17,34,62,74. 



Range. — This species with its geographic varie- 

 ties also known as species is widely distributed 

 through the West Indies and from Mexico to Peru, 

 Boli\na, Brazil, and Guianas. The variety in 

 Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, Caiophyllum. 

 hrmiliense var. antUJamim (Britton) Standi., also 

 classed as a species by some authors, ranges from 

 Cuba and Jamaica through the Lesser Antilles to 



Grenada, is naturalized in Beraiuda, and is intro- 

 duced in southern Florida. 



Other common names. — palo de maria, santa 

 maria, aceite de maria (Puerto Rico) ; false- 

 mamey (Virgin Islands) ; santa maria, maria 

 (Spanish) ; baria, mara, palo maria (Dominican 

 Republic) ; ocuje, ocuje Colorado (Cuba) ; barillo, 

 mario, vario (El Salvador) ; cojon, cachicamo 

 (Venezuela) ; jacare-iiba, lagarto-caspi bianco 

 (Peru) ; santa-maria, Brazil beauty-leaf (United 

 States) ; santa-maria (English, commerce) ; wild- 

 mamee (Jamaica) ; came-marie, damage, dalemarie 

 (Haiti) ; galba (Guadeloupe, Dominica, Marti- 

 nique, St. Vincent) ; galba odorant, calaba 

 (Guadeloupe) ; koelarie, mani kwaha, koerahara 

 (Surinam) ; guanandi, olandi, landi (Brazil). 



Botanical synonyms of Caiophyllum. hrasiliense 

 var. antiUanmn (Britton) Standi. — Caiophyllum 

 calaba Jacq., not L., C. antiUanum Britton, C. 

 jacqidnii Fawc. & Rendle. 



The common name maria is said to be of Carib 

 Indian origin rather than Spanish. A closely re- 

 lated species (Caiophyllum lucidum Benth.) or 

 variety known as galba occurs in Trinidad and 

 Tobago, Venezuela, and British Guiana. 



162. Cupeillo 



MANGOSTEEN FAMILY (GUTTIFERAE) 



Clusia krugiana Urban 



This tree with orange or yellow latex is common 

 in upi^er mountain forests of Puerto Rico. It is 

 characterized by: (1) opposite, very thick, stiff 

 and leathery, obovate dark green leaves, broade.st 

 near the rounded apex, gradually narrowed toward 

 an almost stalkless base, and with edges consider- 

 ably rolled under; (2) terminal branched clusters 

 of several to many spreading yellow flowers about 

 1/4 inch across, male and female on different trees 

 (dioecious) ; and (3) round green fleshy seed cap- 

 sules %-% inch in diameter, splitting open and 

 becoming 5-parted and star-shaped, exposing the 

 orange pulp in which the light brown seeds are 

 imbedded. 



A small to medium-sized evergi-een tree to 40 

 feet high and 6-12 inches in ti-unk diameter, with 

 a spreading crown of thick branches, sometimes 

 with a few prop roots. The gray bark is smooth- 

 ish, often covered with mosses, and within is pink- 

 ish and slightly bitter, containing orange or yel- 

 low latex. Twigs are stout and brownish, ringed 

 at nodes. 



The stout broad petioles are only about % inch 

 long. Blades are 2-5 inches long, 11/2-4 inches 

 broad, with the veins inconspicuous or scarcely 

 visible on both sides, dai-k green and often slightly 

 shiny above, and pale yellow green beneath. 



The flower clusters (cymose) are li/4-2i/^ inches 

 long, the fleshy branches paired, and flower stalks 

 Vs-% inch long. There are 4 sepals about %6 inch 



long and 4 oblong yellow petals more than I/4 inch 

 in length. Male flowers have many stamens s/ig 

 inch long. Female flowers have pistil %e inch long 

 with 5-celled ovary and 5 blackish stigmas on top. 



The round green fruit retains the calyx at base 

 and 5 stigmas at apex and when split open is iy2 

 inclies across the 5 lobes. Several light brown 

 seeds % inch long are imbedded in orange pulp. 

 Flowering and fruiting probably through the year. 



The light brown wood is hard and heavy (spe- 

 cific gravity 0.9) . As the trunk is seldom straight, 

 the wood is used mostly for fuel. 



Common in the dwarf forests on mountain sum- 

 mits in the upper Luquillo and Cordillera forest 

 regions in Puerto Rico. 



Public forests. — Carite, Luquillo, Maricao, 

 Toro Negro. 



Range. — Puerto Rico and Hispaniola (Domini- 

 can Republic). 



Cupey trepador (Clusia minor L.), a related 

 shrub, small tree, or vine, has fleshy leaves with 

 petioles %-% inch long, and clusters of few 

 flowers with white to pink petals. 



Cupeillo de altura (Clusia gundlachii Stalil), 

 or cupey de altura, a vinelike shrub or sometimes 

 tree known only from Puerto Rico, has fleshy 

 leaves with petioles 14-% inch long, clusters of 

 many small flowers, and oblong fruits about % 

 inch long. The fourth native species of this genus 

 is described below. 



350 



