bra, Vieques, St. Croix, St. Thomas, St. John, and 

 Tortola. 



Public forests. — Aguirre, lioqueron, Ceiba, 

 Giianica, and San Juan. 



Range. — Veiy widely distributed along tropical 

 silty seasliores of Bermuda and throughout West 

 Indies (except Dominica) from Bahamas and 

 Cuba to Trinidad and Tobago and Bonaire and 

 Curagao. Coasts of Florida from northern part to 

 Florida Keys, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas in 

 southeastern United States and both coasts of Mex- 

 ico south along Central America to Ecuador, 

 northwestern Peru, and (lalapagos Islands and to 

 Brazil. Also west coast of Africa. 



Other common names. — mangle negro, man- 

 gle bobo, siete cueros, salado (Puerto Rico) ; man- 

 gle prieto, mangle negro, mangle bianco (Span- 

 ish) ; black-mangrove, manglecito (commerce) ; 



puyeque (Mexico) ; palo de sal (Central 

 America) ; istaten, arbol de sal (El Salvador) ; 

 culumate, mangle salado (Costa Rica) ; mangle 

 salado, white-mangrove (Panama) ; iguanero (Co- 

 lombia) ; mangle salado, mangle rosado, mangle 

 prieto (Venezuela) ; mangle iguanero (Ecuador) ; 

 black - mangrove, honey - mangrove, saltbush 

 (United States) ; black-mangrove (English) ; 

 blackwood-busli (Bahamas) ; limewood (Trini- 

 dad) ; courida, cmda (British Guiana) ; manglier 

 noir, paletuvier (Haiti) ; paletuvier blanc, mangle 

 blanc, chene Guadeloupe, paletuvier (Guade- 

 loupe) ; paletuvier blanc, manglier noir (French 

 Guiana) ; mangel blancu, saltpond-tree (Dutch 

 West. Indies); parwa (Surinam); siriuba, seriba 

 (Brazil). 

 Botanical synonym. — Avicennia germinans L. 



VERBENA FAMILY (VERBENACEAE) 



226. Pendula de sierra 



Shrub or tree of upper mountain forests char- 

 acterized by: (1) opposite elliptic leaves blunt or 

 rounded at apex and short-pointed at base, with 

 few lateral veins; (2) narrow clusters of small 

 white flowers %e inch across the 5 slightly unequal 

 .spreading corolla lobes and borne on short stalks 

 Vie inch long; and (3) shiny pear-shaped or elliptic 

 fruits nearly \'2 iuch long, turning fi'om green to 

 orange brown or black, with cuplike calyx at base. 



This species differs from its widely distributed 

 close relative pendula {CifharexyJum. fniticosum 

 L.) in the leaves coarsely veined without a promi- 

 nent network of small veins when dry, in the flow- 

 ers definitely stalked instead of almost stalkless, 

 and in its distribution in mountain forests at 

 higher elevations. 



A small slender evergreen tre« 1.5-.30 feet high 

 and to 8 inches in trunk diameter, or a shrub. The 

 bark is smoothish and brown, inner bark light 

 brown and bitter. The long narrow twigs are light 

 gray brown, with prominent raised leaf scars. 



Petioles are 1/4-% i'lch long. Blades are 2-5 

 inches long and %-2i4 inches wide, slightly thick- 

 ened and with edges sometimes turned under a 

 little, slightly shiny green above and dull and paler 

 beneath. On the lower surface are many minute 

 inconspicuous dots visible with a lens. 



Flower clusters (racemes) are li/o-S inches long, 

 terminal and lateral, bearing many slightly fra- 

 grant flowers. The bell-shaped calyx is about Vg 

 inch long and broad, minutely 5-toothed ; the white 

 finely hairy corolla with tube nearly I/4 inch long 

 and ;") lobes i/g inch long; 4 stamens nearly i/g inch 

 long inserted on corolla tube; and greenish pistil 



Citharexylum caudatum L. 



%6 inch long with 2-celled ovary, slender style, 

 and slightly 2-lobed stigma. 



The fleshy fruits (drupes) slightly 2-lobed have 

 cuplike calyx Vs inch long remaining at base. 

 They contain 2 elliptic shiny brown nutlets % inch 

 long, each 1 -seeded. Flowering and fruiting near- 

 ly through the year. 



The light brown, hard wood is used for posts 

 and fuel. Also a honey plant. 



Upper mountain forests and dwarf forests of 

 mountain peaks in Puerto Rico. 



Public forests. — Carite, Luquillo. 



Municipality where especially' common. — 22. 



Range. — Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Leeward 

 Islands, and Dominica. Also Yucatan, Mexico, 

 and Central America from British Honduras and 

 Honduras to Panama and in Colombia. Planted 

 in southern Florida. 



Other common names. — cafe cimarron, penda 

 (Dominican Republic) ; penda, collarete (Cuba) ; 

 roble amarillo (Nicaragua) ; dama (Costa Rica) ; 

 manglillo (Panama) ; fiddlewood (English) ; 

 racemose fiddlewood ( Bahamas) ; birdseed, 

 pigeon-feed (British Honduras), cafe marron 

 (Haiti). 



The generic name (Citharexyhim) is Greek for 

 fiddlewood. The English name ficldlewood and 

 similar ones in French and Spanish for related 

 species refer to the use for violins, guitars, and 

 other musical instruments. The Spanish name 

 pendula, meaning pendent, describes the long 

 slender drooping or hanging clusters of flowers 

 and fruits. 



478 



