MADDER FAMILY (RUBIACEAE) 



Key to the 11 species illustrated (Xos. 239-249) 



A. Twigs spiny or with persistent bristlelike stipules ; leaves small, mostly less than 2 inches long. 



B. Twigs with paired gray spines ; flowers '-j inch long, the white corolla tubular. .5-lobed — 247. Randia aculeata. 

 BB. Twigs with narrow, bristlelike stipules forming rings back of leaves; flowers about 2 inches long, the corolla 

 whitish or pale yellowish, with narrow tube and '> very narrnvv spreading lobes — 241. Exostemu carihaeum. 

 AA. Twigs not spiny. 



C. Flowers and fruits many, clustered at nodes, short-stalked. 



D. Flowers more than 1 inch across the 5 spreading white corolla lobes ; fruits elliptic red berries (coffee 



bean) — 24(1. Coffea arabica.* 

 DD. Flowers V-; inch long, the corolla with very narrow reddish or pink tube and 4 or 5 short white lobes ; 

 fruits rounded red or pink berries — 24.5. Ixora ferrea. 

 CC. Flowers and fruits variously arranged, not clustered at nodes. 



E. Flowers few at the end of long, mostly slender stalks. 



G. Flowers small, about % inch long, several erect along horizontal forks, the corolla tubular, white. 

 H. Twigs, buds, and young leaves sticky or resinous ; leaves narrowly elliptic, shiny green — 249. 

 Tcrebraria rcsinosa. 

 HH. Twigs and other parts hairless, not resinous ; leaves ovate, rounded to heart-shaped at base, 

 dull green — 239. Antirhra obtusifolia. 

 GG. Flowers larger, more than % inch long. 



I. Corolla with broad tube and 5 broad lobes, pale yellow ; fruit elliptic, yellow brown, about 4 

 inches long — 243. Gcnipa americana. 

 II. Corolla narrowly tubular. 



J. Flowers on slender stalk.s, the white corolla with 4 narrow, widely spreading lobes ; leaves 

 hairless, turning l)lackish upon drying — 242. Fanimca occidctitalis. 

 JJ. Flowers stalkless, hairy, the white to brown corolla with 6-8 rounded lobes ; leaves very 

 rough hairy on upper surface — 244. Gnrttarda scabra. 

 EE. Flowers many, about '-•; inch long, the corolla tubular, white. 



K. Flowers crowded in a short-stalked ball-like cluster (head) ; fruit elliptic. 3—4 inches long, from 

 many flowers, malodorous — 246. Morinda citrifolia.* 

 KK. Flowers in regularly spreading, branched clusters (panicles) — 248. Hondeletia portoricensis. 



239. Quina 



Slirul) or tree found only in mountain forests of 

 eastern Puerto Rico, characterized by: (1) oppo- 

 site ovate or elliptic dark green leaves, almost 

 stalkless, rounded to heart-shaped at base and 

 blunt-pointed at apex; (2) inner bark reddish; 

 (3) many white, narrow, tubular, 4-lobed flowers 

 about % inch long, erect and stalkless on upper 

 side of nearly horizontal curved paired forks of 

 lateral branches; and (4) black, narrowly elliptic 

 fruit 1.4-% inch long. 



Evergreen shrub or tree 8-40 feet high and to 

 8 inches in trunk diameter. The gray bark is 

 smoothish, the inner bark bitter. Twigs gray, 

 slightly stout, ending in a pointed bud %q inch 

 long, formed by a pair of scales (stipules) which 

 soon shed and leave a faint ringed scar at each 

 node. 



Petioles are Vg inch long, and blades 2-f5 inches 

 long and 1-31/4 inches wide, dtill dark green above 

 and green beneath. 



Flower clusters (cymes) are 3-6 inches long 

 and broad, the slender axis branching into 2 or 

 more pairs of forks. The flowers have a tubular 

 base (hypanthium) i/jg inch long enclosing the 

 ovary and bearing 4 minute calyx teeth ; white nar- 

 row corolla tube 14 inch long and 4 spreading 

 rounded lobes Vs i^ich across; 4 stamens inserted 

 inside corolla tube ; and pistil of slender style with 

 2-lobed stigma above the inferior ovary. 



The black fruit (drupe) has minute calyx at 

 apex and contains 2 narrow seeds within the large 

 2-celled stone. Flowering from May to August 

 and fruiting from August to December. 



The woocl is light brown to reddish brown, hard, 

 strong, and heavy. Used mostly for posts. 



504 



Antirhea obtusifolia Urban 



Mountain forests, mainly in understory, in east- 

 em Puerto Rico. 



PuBuo FORESTS. — Carite, Luquillo. 



Range. — Restricted to eastern Puerto Rico. 



Other common names. — quina roja, tortuguillo 

 ( Puerto Rico). 



Botanical synonym. — Stenostomum oitusifoU- 

 um (Urban) Britt on & Wilson. 



This genus, whose name is spelled also Anti- 

 rrhoea, has 5 additional species of small trees or 

 shrubs in Puerto Rico, known in part as quina. 

 Quina or boje {Antirhea acutat-a (DC.) Urban; 

 synonym Stenontomwm acutatxim DC), of dry 

 forests of southwestern Puerto Rico, Mona, Vie- 

 ques, Muertos, and other islands, has oblong leaves 

 smaller than the other species, %-2i4 inches long, 

 and longer white tubular flowers % inch long. 



Antirhea sintenisii Urban (synonym Steno- 

 stommn sintenisii (Urban) Britton & Wilson), 

 known only from moist forests of Puerto Rico, has 

 oblong or lance-shaped leaves 2^1^^ inches long, 3 

 to 5 times as long as wide, and cream-colored 

 flowers about % inch long. 



The other 3 species have broader, ovate to elliptic 

 leaves mostly 2-3 times as long as wide. Palo 

 lloron {Antirhea lucida (Sw.) Benth. & Hook. f. ; 

 synonym Stenofitomum lucidu7n (Sw.) Gaertn. 

 f.), rare in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands but 

 in other West Indian islands and British Hon- 

 duras, has elliptic leaves li/^-6 inches long, thin 

 and shiny green above, and yellowish or white 

 flowere about Va inch long. 



Another species of quina or boje {Antirhea 

 coriaeea (Vahl) Urban; synonym Stenostomum 

 coriaceum (Vahl) Griseb.), of northern and north- 



