made from the male flower clusters. Elsewhere 

 the fruits have served for fattening hogs. 



This tree was introduced into the West Indies 

 in 1793 from Tahiti of the South Sea Islands to 

 provide cheap food for slaves. It was claimed 

 that three or four mature trees could provide 

 starchy food to su])port a man throughout the 

 year. Captain "William Bligh in tlie ship Provi- 

 dence chartered by the British (Tove.rnment 

 brought plants to St. Vincent and Jamaica. This 

 special expedition was undertai<en to transport 

 potted plants of the seedless vai'iety tlie gi-eat dis- 

 tance. An earlier attempt with a cargo of plants 

 on board the ship Bounty failed owing to the 

 famous mutiny against Captain Bligh in 1789. 

 About the same time the French brought a few 

 breadfruits to other islands of the "West Indies. 



Propagation is by root cuttings or layering and 

 in the seeded variety l)v seeds, (irowth is rapid. 

 "Widely cultivated around homes almost through- 

 out Puerto Rico and occasionally escaping. Least 

 common in tlie upper mountain and dry limestone 

 regions. Also in Mona, St. Croix, St. Thomas, St. 

 Jolm, and Tortola. 



Ranxse. — Native in islands of the South Pacific 



Ocean. Grown throughout the tropics, the seeded 

 variety sometimes escaping from cultivation. 

 Planted tliroughout the West Indies and in con- 

 tinental tropical America. Rare in southern 

 I'lorida and fruiting only at Key West. 



Other toMMON names. — arbol de pan, palo de 

 pan, pan, pana (Puerto Rico, Spanish) ; lavapen, 

 mapen, bombilla, pichones (Puerto Rico) ; pana 

 foiastera (seedless variety, Puerto Rico) ; castaua 

 (seeded variety, Puerto Rico) ; buen pan, albopan, 

 l^an de fruta (Dominican Republic) ; castaho del 

 Mala])ar (seeded variety, Cuba) ; mazapan. fruta 

 de i)an, pan de fruta, castaiia (Guatemala) ; maza- 

 pan (Honduras) ; breadfruit (United States, Eng- 

 lish) ; breadnut (seeded variety, English); cha- 

 taigne (seeded variety, Trinidad) ; mazapan 

 (British Honduras); arbre a pain, fruit a pain 

 (French); arbre veritable (Haiti); cliataignier, 

 chataignier du pays (seeded variety, French West 

 Indies); jialu di frufi ]>an, broodboom (Dutch 

 West Indies) ; broodboom (Surinam) ; fructa pao 

 (Brazil). 



Botanical synonyms. — ^4 rfoearpus communi-^ 

 J. R. & G. Forst., A. ineims (Tliunb.) L. f. 



MULBERRY FAMILY (MORACEAE) 



18. Jaca, jackfruit 



This cultivated relative of breadfruit is charac- 

 terized by: (1) giant, elliptic, rounded or irregu- 

 lar-shaped yellow-green fruits 1-2 feet long and 

 i/o-l foot in diameter, covered with sharp conical 

 points; (2) milkv juice in the bark; and (3) leaves 

 conunonly elliptic or obovate, 4—6 inches long and 

 2-3 inches broad, dark green and sliglitly shiny, 

 thick and leathery. 



A small to medium-sized evergreen tree to 40 

 feet in height and 1 foot in trunk diameter. The 

 gray bark is smoothish, becoming rough, fur- 

 rowed, and thick (1,4 inch). Inner bark is light 

 In-own. gritty and almost tasteless, yielding taste- 

 less latex. The twigs are gray, with raised 

 rounded leaf scars, ending in a dark green, nar- 

 row, pointed, minutely hairy scale (stipule) 14 

 inch or more in length forming the bud. 



The leaves are alternate, witli stout petioles 

 V2~% ii^ch long. Leaf blades vary in shape, some- 

 times oblong or narrow and on young plants and 

 shoots occasionally 2- or 3-lobed. 



Male and female flowers are in diil'erent flower 

 clusters, enlarged and fleshy, on the same tree 

 (monoecious). The male cluster on a stalk 2 

 inches long is stoutly club-shaped, 2—4 inches long, 

 yellowish green, and with odor like muskmelon, 

 bearing very many crowded male flowers less than 

 YiQ inch long, each consisting of a 2-lobed calyx 

 and 1 stamen. Female flowers, very numerous in 

 the elliptic or rounded female flower clusters, are 

 more than %(; inch long, composed of tubular 

 hairy calyx and pistil with 1-celled 1-ovuled ovary, 

 slender style, and broader yellow stigma. 



Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.* 



The multiple fi'uits, weighing 20-40 pounds, 

 have a hard outer covering of the enlarged female 

 flowers, each with a sharp conical point % inch 

 long and about i^ inch across at base. Within is a 

 whitish fibrous pulp containing many seeds (80 to 

 a pound), which are irregularly bean-shaped, 

 whitish or light brown, li/i-lV2 inches long. In 

 fruit nearly tiirough the year. 



The wood is yellowish, darkening to brown 

 upon exposure, fairly hard and resistant, taking a 

 good polish. Little used in Puerto Rico; else- 

 where used in cabinetwork and carpentry. 



Occasionally planted in gardens, chiefly in the 

 cities and towns of Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands 

 for ornament, shade, or the large edible fruits, 

 though much less common than breadfruit. The 

 fruits, which are eaten cooked as a starchy vege- 

 table, have a peculiar flavor and are less palatable 

 than breadfruits. 



Range. — Native of tropical Asia from India to 

 Malaya and East Indies. Widely planted in tropi- 

 cal regions, including southern Florida, West 

 Indies, and continental tropical America. 



Other common names. — pana cimarrona 

 (Puerto Rico); jaca (Spanish); ]>an de fruta, 

 buen ]5an, albo])an (Dominican Republic) ; rima 

 (Cuba) ; castano (Nicaragua) ; jaqueira, arbol de 

 pan (Colombia) ; jackfruit, jack (United States, 

 English) ; cartahar (British Guiana) ; jaquier 

 (French) ; jaca (Brazil). 



Botanical synonyms. — ArtocarpuJi integrifo- 

 ]his autli., not L. f., .4. integer auth., not (Tliuub.) 

 Merr. 



62 



