Campbell. — Notes on the Blepharoceridae of New Zealand. 265 



In A and C there is a secondary ventral row of about 10 spines, and in B 

 there is a secondary row of about 30 spines. In all three the secondary 

 spines are short and stout. 



Gills (figs. 10, 11, 12) : Larva A has 7 gills in a series on each segment 

 (2 double gills, 1 single proclinate, then a space followed by 2 single reclinate 

 gills). The 4 anal gills are large. Larva B has 7 gills in a tuft on the anterior 

 margin of each segment (2 double and 3 single), the anal gills large. Larva C 

 has 4 gills in series on the anterior portion of the segments (1 double and 

 2 single), the anal gills large. In all three larvae the two posterior of the 

 anal gills are only one-third the size of the anterior ones. The anal aperture 

 is just in front of the point of attachment of the anal gills, which lie in a 

 semicircular depression between the sucker and the posterior margin of the 

 segment. 



Suckers (figs. 122 to 129) : The cup of the disc shows fine lines running 

 to the margin of the suckers (fig. 122), where a specialized rim intervenes, the 

 cilia from this point continuing from a rounded basis and tapering to a fine 

 point. The rim shows an irregular pavement appearance, and viewed on 

 cross-section (fig. 123) shows the vertical short pieces of the rim formation. 

 The sucker has 6 tracheal (?) apertures (fig. 130), and the anterior margin 

 has a specialized valve gateway (fig. 127). Underlying the disc appears a 

 fine transparent pellicle showing very fine marginal cilia. Palmate hairs, 

 similar to the type found on Culicid larvae, are found near the suckers. 



Mouth-parts (figs. 131 to 137) : The mandibles are large, black, and 

 bidentate, the tips of the cusps transparent. The maxillae are complex 

 and difficult to determine ; they are densely hairy, with a biting-area bearing 

 small cusps. The labrum bears 2 strong spines on its broad base, and 

 tapers distally as a long brush lying between the mandibles. The labium 

 is short, densely hairy, and subtriangular ; the palpi appear as 2 small 

 oval buttons marked with 2 large round black spots with 6 or 7 small dots 

 between them. The palpi and maxillae, and perhaps the mandibles, have 

 brushes or bunches of hairs, but the general crowding-together of hairs 

 makes definition extremely difficult from whole (slide) specimens. The 

 mouth-parts are set in a depression bounded anteriorly by a raised rim, 

 behind which lies the base of the labrum. Darkly chitinized lateral bound- 

 aries show prominently, and carry the origins of the powerful muscles and 

 ligaments. Strong bristles are inserted along the rim and the lateral portions 

 of the segment. The developing pupa, contained within the larva, and with 

 its breathing-tubes chitinized to about half their length, shows stages of 

 development of the future adult mouth-parts (figs. 138 to 141), and at the 

 base of the developing mandibles, &c, appear branched hairs similar to 

 those found on larvae of Culex and Anopheles (fig. 139). These special hairs 

 I have not found externally on the larvae or adult flies. 



Alimentary and tracheal systems (figs. 142 to 145) : The alimentary 

 system, lying centrally, shows diverticula in the form of chitinized pouches 

 (fig. 126) lying about half-way towards the lateral margin. The tracheal 

 system shows strong vessels passing round the margins of segments, and the 

 areas occupied by the dorsal marginal rows of spines. Branches appear to 

 pass from the gills to the suckers terminating in the 6 apertures. The 

 spiracles (closed) (fig. 124) of the larva lie at the base of the lateral processes. 

 One seems forced to assume that the tracheal apertures of the disc have a 

 perfectly transparent membrane over the aperture, or that the tubes (visible) 

 (fig. 130) have no connection with the tracheal system proper. Bearing in 

 mind the peculiar dorsal armature following the tracheal system, and the 



