Te Rangi Hiroa. — Maori Decorative Art. 



459 



enhancing lozenges, which are open. The Arawa call this design patiki 

 (flounder). It is probably of more recent origin ; or, supposing it to be old, 

 I think that it was the last of the simple combinations that the ancient 

 Maori produced in geometrical designs. Other geometrical forms and com- 

 binations of greater complexity bear the impress of European influence — 

 unconscious it may be, but still present. 



(6.) Single Stitch. 



As already pointed out, single stitching results in lozenges or continuous 

 chevrons as shown in fig. 3, copied from Williams. Whilst the lozenge 

 pattern No. 2 is common, the continuous lines of chevrons Nos. 3 and 4 

 are now rare. The chevrons are, however, the more simple pattern, and 

 it is easy to see that by moving a square to the right or left horizontally 

 in each succeeding row the points of the chevrons would be brought together 

 and a series of lozenges would result. This no doubt is the origin of the 

 lozenge in the single-stitch patterns. 



Fig. 3. (After Williams.) 



(1.) Continuous rows of chevrons, horizontal or vertical, are named on 

 the East Coast tapuae kautuku (bittern's footprints) or waewae pakura 

 (swamp-hen's feet). 



^(2.) The lozenge pattern formed by single stitches crossing one square 

 is named whakarua kopito on the East Coast and waharua by the Arawa 

 (see fig. 3, Plate LXVIII). If this simple waharua design is compared with 

 the roimata design in fig. 2, Plate LXVI, it will be seen that the effect is 

 the same — namely, rows of continuous lozenges. The motive is, however, 

 different. In the former it is rows of continuous chevrons produced by 

 single stitch with each succeeding row arranged to produce the lozenge 

 effect ; in the latter it is rows of alternate crosses produced by cross- 

 stitches, and the lozenge effect is incidental. 



Whilst the simple lozenge, with the sides occupying one square, may have 

 been incidental in origin, it no doubt supplied the motive which led to lozenges 

 of larger size being attempted. Fig. 2, Plate LXVIII, shows a design of 

 larger lozenges which are enhanced internally by smaller ones. In the outer 

 lozenge the stitch crosses three squares, and the inner lozenge two. It will 

 be noticed that lozenges formed by the single stitch and the cross-stitch 

 have their distinct names. This design is called waharua by the Arawa, 

 there being no distinction between it and the previous design. There is 

 a possibility of the enhanced waharua being of recent origin. 



(c.) Overlapping Wrapped Stitch. 



(1.) The pattern produced by this stitch over the tamatakahuki was 

 named pihapiha mango (shark's gills) on the East Coast In addition to this 

 name the Arawa called it whakaiwi tuna (to make like an eel's bones or eel's 



