Speight. — Changes in Terminal Face of Franz Joseph Glacier. 55 



The circumstances of the ice in the front of each peg will now be taken 

 in turn, the chief features and points of interest being recorded on the map. 



Peg No. 1. — This was placed on solid rock on the western side of the 

 valley, but it is now covered with moraine, and its precise location is 

 impossible without detailed survey. In 1909 the ice was 1 metre from 

 the peg ; it is now 279 metres distant, the measurement being made 

 approximately parallel with the valley-wall to the point where the ice 

 meets it. The face is here quite low, but immediately to the east the 

 pool of water fronting the glacier commences, and the face is higher, some- 

 times overhanging ; farther east the face again becomes low. The pool 

 is about 60 metres broad on its western margin. The rapid retreat of 

 this part of the face was mentioned in the records issued in 1914, as 

 Mr. Graham then noted that the river had cut a wide gap between the ice 

 and the western wall of the valley. The movement has apparently been 

 much accelerated since the last observation. 



Peg No. 2. — It was not foimd possible to determine the distance of the 

 face from this peg in a satisfactory manner — first, on account of the pool, 

 about 50 metres wide, fronting the glacier, and, secondly, because the ice in 

 its retreat has exposed a large rock about 30 metres in height above the 

 level of the water. The pool now washes the southern face of this rock. 

 This rock was not exposed in 1914, so that its appearance and situation 

 give some idea of the great distance the ice has retreated and the change in 

 the condition of the face. (See Plate XII, fig. 1.) 



Peg No. 3. — This is situated on Harper Rock. When originally placed 

 the peg was at the ice-face. In 1912 it was 15 metres away, in 1914 it 

 was 37 metres, and now it is 160 metres distant. The ice is fronted here 

 by water 50 metres wide. (See Plate XII, fig. 1.) 



The trend of the ice-front along the stretch just dealt with is slightly 

 east of north, and running in a line with Strauchon Rock. Between Harper 

 Rock and Park Rock another smaller rock has been exposed, and all three 

 present a face towards the glacier not suggested by the map attached to 

 Bell's account. The southern faces of all three are in approximate align- 

 ment, the direction running E. 30° S., and being determined by the 

 dominant joint-planes traversing the schist of which the rocks are entirelv 

 composed. They all present a steep face to the south, and do not exhibit 

 the effects of glacier erosion to a marked degree, there being a tendencv 

 to split both along the foliation-planes and also the joint-planes, so that 

 any glacial smoothing originally existing has disappeared as the slabs have 

 flaked off. 



A low tongue of ice runs from the glacier into the pool (Plate XII, fig. 1), 

 between the large new exposed rock in front of peg No. 2 and Park Rock, 

 but ice occurs in position under the water of the pool, so that it extends 

 farther forward at this part of the face than elsewhere. The end of this 

 tongue is almost due west of peg No. 4, on Park Rock. The edge of the 

 pool reaches the south-west side of the rock, but the pool narrows to a 

 point, and there is a small stream issuing from it immediately to the west 

 of Park Rock. The southern face of Park Rock is reached by the ice, but 

 the rock has a much greater extent to the south-south-east and south-west 

 than is suggested by Bell's map. 



Peg No. 4. — This is on Park Rock. When originally placed it was 

 surrounded by ice except to the northward. In 1912 the ice was 23 metres 

 away, in 1914 it was 58 metres, whereas it is now 100 metres distant. 

 The face is also low, but the upper lavers show signs of being pushed over 

 differentially. (See Plate XII, fig. 2.)' 



