Speight. — Modification of Spur-ends by Glacial ion. 53 



Eeferences. 



Andrews, C. E., 1905. Some Interesting Facts concerning the Glaeiation of South- 

 western New Zealand, Rep. Austr. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 10, pp. 189-205. 



Davis, W. M., 1900. Glacial Erosion in France, Switzerland, and Norwav, Proc. Bost. 

 Soc. Xat. Hist., vol. 29, No. 14, pp. 273-322. 



1905. Glaeiation of the Sawatch Range, Colorado, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 49, 



Geol. Ser., vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1-11. 



1909. Glacial Erosion in North Wales, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. 65, pp. 281-350. 



1912. American Studies on Glacial Erosion, Compte Rendu du Xlme Congres 



Geologique International, vol. 11, pp. 419-27. 

 de Martonxe, E., 1913. Traite de Giographie Physique. 

 Gilbert, G. K., 1904. Alaska, vol. Ill, Glaciers and Glaeiation. 

 Spkight, R., 1908. Notes on some of the New Zealand Glaciers in the District of 



Canterbury, Rep. Austr. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 11, pp. 285-87. 



1911. The Mount Arrowsmith District, Pari I, Phvsiography, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 



vol. 43, pp. 317-42. 



Aet. VI. — Recent Changes in the Terminal Face of the Franz Josef 



Glacier. 



By R, Speight. M.A., M.Sc, F.G.S., F.N.Z.Inst,, Curator of the Canter- 

 bury Museum. 



[Read before the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, 6th October, 1920 ; received by 

 Editor, 31st December, 1920 ; issued separately, 27th June, 1921.] 



Plates XII, XIII. 



In 1909 Dr. J. Mackintosh Bell, then Director of the New Zealand 

 Geological Survey, placed a number of pegs along the face of the Franz 

 Josef Glacier in order to enable its subsequent advance and retreat to be 

 definitely determined. Their position, and other particulars about the 

 glacier, were recorded in a publication issued by the Survey in 1910, 

 entitled " A Geographical Report on the Franz Josef Glacier." Since 

 then Mr. A. Graham, who is guide at the glacier and takes the keenest 

 interest in its varying moods, has from time to time recorded the move- 

 ments of the face, and a summary of his observations was published by 

 the present author in 1914 under the title, " Recent Changes in the Position 

 of the Terminal Face of the Franz Josef Glacier."* Since the appearance 

 of this record the glacier has rapidly retreated, as will be clear from the 

 observations detailed below ; but it is approaching a stage when an 

 advance may be expected, and it is therefore most important that its 

 present features should be placed on record as definitely as possible in 

 order to afford a sound basis for future comparisons. Mr. Graham has 

 most kindly assisted with observations, and a recent visit of the author to 

 the locality (February, 1921) enabled these observations to be confirmed 

 and brought up to date, Mr. Graham rendering most willing and valuable 

 assistance. It is somewhat difficult, however, to get precise records at 

 present, since ponds of water of varied width up to some 100 to 120 metres 

 lie in front of the greater part of the face and prevent close approach to 

 it except by means of a boat, which was not available ; and, further, 



* Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 47, pp. 353-54, 1915. 



