Karlson, R. H. 1978. Predation and space utilization patterns in 

 a marine epifaunal community. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol . 

 31:225-239. 



Kay, A. M. and M. J. Keough. 1981. Occupation of patches in the 

 epifaunal communities of pier pilings and the bivalve Pinna 

 bicolor at Edinburgh, South Australia. Oecologia 48:123- 

 130. 



O'Connor, R. J., R. Seed, and P. J. S. Boaden. 1980. Resource 

 space partitioning by the bryozoa of a Fucus serratus L. 

 community. J. Exp. Mar. Biol, and Ecol. 45: 117-137. 



Osburn, R. C. 1900. The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole region. Bull. 

 Bureau Fisheries 30:203-266. 



Osman, R. W. 1977. The establishment and development of a marine 

 epifaunal community. Ecol. Monogr. 47:37-63. 



Osman, R. W. 1978. The influence of seasonality and stability on 

 the species equilibrium. Ecology 59:383-399. 



Paine, R. T. and S. A. Levin. 1981. Intertidal landscapes: 

 disturbance and the dynamics of pattern. Ecol. Monogr. 

 51:145-178. 



Rogick, M. D. and H. Croasdale. 1949. Studies on Marine 



Bryozoa, III. Woods Hole Region Bryozoa associated with 

 algae. Biol. Bull. 96:32-69. 



Rubin, J. A. 1982. The degree of intransitivity and its 



measurement in an assemblage of encrusting Cheilostome 

 bryozoa. J. of Exp. Mar. Biol, and Ecol. 60:119-128. 



Schoener, A. 1974. Experimental zoogeography: colonization of 

 marine mini-islands. Amer. Natur. 108: 715-738. 



Schoener, A., T.R.Long and J.R. DePalma. 1978. Geographic 



variation in artificial island colonization curves. Ecology 

 59:367-382. 



Sebens, K. P. 1985. Community ecology of vertical rock walls in 

 the Gulf of Maine, USA: small-scale processes and alternate 

 community states. Chapter 23. In: P. G. Moore and R. Seed, 

 (eds.), The Ecology of Rocky Coasts. Hodder and Stoughton 

 Educational Press, Kent, England, pp. 346-371. 



Sebens, K. P. 1986. Spatial relationships among encrusting 



marine organisms in the New England subtidal zone. Ecol. 

 Monogr. 56(l):73-96. 



Shin, P. K. S. 1981. The development of sessile epifaunal 

 communities in Kylesalia, Kilkieran Bay west coast of 

 Ireland. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 54:97-111. 



65 



