SYNTHESIS OF THE RESEARCH LITERATURE 5 



where Ac is the amount of the chemical in a compartment and At is the total amount in 

 the ecosystem. Thus IR can be dramatically changed by the size of the soil compartment, 

 which is a direct function of the depth used to calculate this parameter. The amount (A) 

 of the chemical of interest is simply 



A = WC 



where W and C are given in dry-weight units. These calculations do not require 

 information about transfer rates or pathways within the ecosystem. 



TABLE 2 Plutonium in Soils, Sediments, and Waters 



Source and locations 



Concentration 



/2 3» '2*0py\* 



Reference 



Soils and sedinients,f (d/min)/g 



Nuclear weapons testing 

 Global faUout (soU) 

 Debris (NTS, soil) 

 Bikini Atoll (soil) 

 Lake Michigan (sediment) 



North Atlantic (sediment, 

 5597 to 5968 m) 



Chemical processing 

 Savannah River, S. C. (soil) 

 Rocky Flats, Colo, (soil) 

 Hanford, Wash. (soU) 

 Hanford Z-9 trench, Wash, (soil, 



subsurface waste site) 

 Maxey Flats, Ky. (soil, waste 



site) 

 Irish Sea (sediment) 



Nuclear weapons testing 

 Enewetak Atoll (groundwater) 

 Lake Michigan 

 North and South Atlantic 

 North and South Pacific 



Chemical processing, runoff 

 Newport, S. C, Estuary 

 Savannah River, S. C. (freshwater 



pretreatment) 

 Savannah River, S. C. (treated 



drinking water) 

 Irish Sea 



Hardy, 1974 



Romney et al., 1976 



Nevissi, Shell, and Nelson, 1976 



Edgjngton, Wahlgren, and Marshall, 



1976 

 Bowen, Livingston, and Burke, 1976 



Adriano et al., 1975 



Krey and Hardy, 1970 



Corley, Robertson, and Brauer, 1971 



Smith, 1973 



Meyer, 1976 



Hetherington et al., 1976 



0.01-0.05 

 180.00-1.1 X 10' 

 1.10-800.00 

 0.20-0.90 



0.00-0.017 



0.05-28.00 

 0.01-150.00 

 0.01-1.50 

 1.50 X 10''-1.5 X 10' 



0.90-9.00 



0.70-105.00 



Waters, (d/min)/liter 



4x10"'' -1.50 Noshkinetal.,1976 



5 X 10-^-7 X 10"'' Wahlgren etal., 1976 



3 X lO"* -4 x 10~' Bowen, Wong, and Noshkin, 1971 



1.30-9.4 X 10-" Miyake and Sugimura, 1976 



5 X 10-" -5.6 X 10-' Hayes, LeRoy, and Cross, 1976 



5x10-' Corey and Boni, 1976 



2x 10-" 



0.10-1.0 



Corey and Boni, 1976 

 Hetherington et al., 1976 



*Values should not be considered representative but rather as examples of values obtained through 

 various studies in specific localities. The original literature should be consulted before use of this 

 information for other purposes. 



■[Expressed sediments on a dry -weight basis. 



