anticipated, then employment of the fellow by the 

 sponsoring industry would occur frequently. 



Relevant to the above suggestion for work- 

 study fellowships are views from industry on 

 university graduate curricula. Leonard Swern, 

 Director of Technical Programs, Sperry Rand 

 Corporation wrote: 



I spend a good amount of time dealing with 

 universities and with the training of scientists and 

 engineers. I have been convinced for some time 

 that at many of the major universities, those 

 operating at the highest levels of scientific 

 competence, the main emphasis in the graduate 

 scientific curricula is on the training of people 

 who will, in turn, train other people. That is, the 

 requirements for masters degrees and Ph.D.'s in 

 the sciences emphasize university careers rather 

 than industrial careers. Yet it is extremely 

 important for industrial laboratories to have some 

 of the best trained scientists working on problems 

 of paramount interest to industry. As you well 

 know, the technology of products such as 

 computers and control devices, has advanced 

 enormously. Industry needs practical, very well 

 trained scientists to contribute to its new 

 products in the industrial research and develop- 

 ment laboratories. If graduate training conditions 

 the best scientists and engineers to disdain an 

 industrial career, then I believe the universities 

 are not making an adequate contribution to the 

 productivity of technically based industry. 



There is clearly a role for the National Science 

 Foundation in this issue because the NSF has 

 been an extremely vital force in shaping the 

 programs at our universities. 



Another suggestion for graduate student 

 support also favors a specific form and came 

 from Daniel D. Perlmutter, Chairman, Depart- 

 ment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 

 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. He 

 suggested that graduate student support be 

 independent of research granls to individual 

 laculty members. 



It would be a great help if graduate student 

 support were not made a burden on the faculty. 

 Students ought to be supported because of a 

 commitment to science and engineering educa- 



tion, not dependent on the fund-raising skill of a 

 particular advisor. The research proposal would 

 still ask for equipment, supplies, etc., as needed, 

 but the dependent student would not be in such a 

 precarious position. 



At least as important, the student with support 

 could choose a topic on the merits of its scientific 

 and policy aspects, rather than looking to its 

 financial solvency. Itwouldeven be possible to do 

 research on topics that are not formally proposed 

 to a granting agency, freeing the researcher to 

 move more into novel or untested areas 



Clearly, the future supply of research man- 

 power was a major concern of respondents in all 

 sectors. Often this led them to consider the 

 numbers and the quality of graduate students as 

 well as problems of support for graduate 

 education. However, vitality is not simply a 

 matter of graduate education and the 

 respondents also had many ideas relating to 

 scientists and engineers at career stages beyond 

 graduate school. 



OPPORTUNITIES FOR 



YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS 



THROUGHOUT 



THE RESEARCH SYSTEM 



Young Ph.D.'s and problems associated with 

 their introduction into the research system were 

 sources of concern to university department 

 chairmen and to respondents associated with 

 Federal intramural laboratories. Among univer- 

 sity department chairmen, openings for young 

 faculty and associated tenure problems ranked 

 third among the top issues. Significantly, 

 among headquarters-level Government of- 

 ficials, providing more positions for new 

 scientists was part of their first-ranked con- 

 cern. 



Infusion of "new blood" into university 

 science and engineering faculties as well as a 

 balanced age distribution among the faculty are 

 seen as increasingly difficult to realize. This 

 problem was always mentioned among the top 

 issues by department chairmen regardless of 

 discipline or Carnegie Research University 



50 



VITALITY OF THE RESEARCH SYSTEM 



