before. Another CZCS in orbit would certainly benefit the Naval 

 community from this point of view. 



c. CZCS type data would benefit the Navy and DMA in optimizing use of 

 conventional and advanced (airborne laser - HALS) systems for 

 updating bathymetric charts and detection of navigational 

 hazards. Multispectral visible data could be used to develop 

 regional planning guides for operations. The objective would be 

 to provide information relative to water and atmospheric trans- 

 mission and bottom reflectance characteristics as a function of 

 location and season. 



d. Backscatter from biological organisms in the ocean hinders active 

 ASW sonars to varying degrees depending on the local biological 

 environment. In some cases it can make the use of active sonar 

 counter productive. The Fleet would, therefore, benefit from 

 synoptic information on the geographical distribution and 

 strength of acoustic volume scattering characteristics. The pro- 

 posed MAREX experiment would be suitable for Naval research into 

 the feasibility of satellite-derived ocean color data to provide 

 this information. 



e. It is anticipated that both predictive models and real-time 

 satellite remote sensing of the communications channels are 

 required. The primary physical parameters of interest are: a) 

 water column irradiance attenuation coefficients, b) cloud cover 

 geometrical thickness, c) cloud cover optical thickness (attenu- 

 ation lengths), and d) cloud height. While current technology 

 cannot provide these primary parameters, they may be considered 

 as goals for current development. 



f. Development of CZCS-type algorithms for removing atmospheric 

 effects from measurements of ocean optical properties has indica- 

 ted the potential for atmospheric measurements per se. Specifi- 

 cally, delineation of aerosol concentration, constituents, and 

 variability is addressable by satellite multispectral visual and 

 infrared data. Real-time and forecast data of this type could be 

 used to improve performance of airborne E-0 weapon and sensor 



D-2 



