APPENDIX D. DEFENSE AND COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS 



Within the context of the proposed MAREX studies, the information oained 

 would also be of value in the following ways. 



a. Non-acoustic ASW activities establish the requirement for a Navv 

 capability to map bioluminescence potential on a global basis. 

 The long-range scientific objective, therefore, is to apply 

 satellite remote sensing technology to the problem of determinina 

 the occurence and intensity of oceanic bioluminescence on a 

 global scale. It is a generally accepted hypothesis that the geo- 

 graphical distribution of bioluminescence is associated with 

 surface oceanic waters that are highy productive, but at present, 

 there is no way to relate chlorophyll concentrations to biolumi- 

 nescence potential. The few simultaneous in situ measurements of 

 chlorophyll and bioluminescence are insufficient to answer this 

 basic question and knowledge concerning the distribution and 

 nature of bioluminescence in the surface ocean is based primarily 

 on anecdotal reports from the main shipping lanes. Thus, the 

 proposed program could supply Navy scientists with data for the 

 first systematic investigation of oceanic bioluinescence 

 utilizing satellite data and would result in techniques to Dermit 

 extrapolation on a global scale. 



b. Fronts and eddies in the ocean have a significant impact on acous- 

 tic propagation because they contain density fluctuations which 

 reflect and refract acoustic energy. Infrared satellite data is 

 routinely analyzed to permit delineation of these features in 

 support of ASW operations. However, IR sensing of sea surface 

 temperature patterns is limited to certain areas and/or seasons 

 because of the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere over the 

 world's oceans. Because the CZCS is not as adversely affected by 

 atmospheric water vapor as are IR sensors, it offers the poten- 

 tial for mapping ocean surface features based on color in geo- 

 graphical areas where satellite data has never been useful 



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