430 



Transactions. 



itself, in reality, is a j^ortion of the more inland plain-area tliat has been 

 filled in by the material brought down by rivers such as the present Tuki- 

 tuki, Maraetotara, Ngaruroro, Tutaekuri, and Esk, all of which now flow 

 from the westward, some as far back as the Ruahine Mountains and the 

 Kaweka. The plain known as the Heretaunga Plain is a late formation ; 

 in fact, the process of growth is still going on, and the action of floods on the 

 waters of the bay is such as to bring about a slow sedimentation of the area 

 that was at one time a land-area connected in structure and formation with 

 the hills forming Scinde Island, Napier, and the rocks exposed along the 

 northern and southern ends of the bay. What is here said of the growth 

 and changes connected with Hawke's Bay can also be said of the plain-area 



hu 



Wa/'paos. r/yer bas/'n 



39° S 



OJd remains cf shintj/e- 



?0 30 miles 



Fig. 2. — East Coast after Subsidence ; New River-basins. 



between the mouth of the Wairoa River and Te Kapu or Frasertown, some 

 ten miles inland. So, too, the Poverty Bay plain forms a part of the water- 

 area, and both of them occupy the place once occupied by hills that united 

 Young Nick's Head with the hills that now bound the coast along what is 

 known as the Kaiti side of Poverty Bay. 



The east coast between East Cape and Cape Turnagain at one time 

 extended much farther seaward. The map marked fig. 1 shows some of 



