54 Transactions. 



In this paper, however, I shall give only a list of the various species, 

 with references and notes as to their distribution, reserving more general 

 remarks for a future paper. The three subterranean species have been 

 included because it is around them that the chief interest centres, and because 

 two of them are now known to have near representatives in the surface 

 streams. The terrestrial amphipod Parorchestia sylvicola (Dana) has not 

 been included, because it is truly terrestrial, living far from streams, although 

 it is found only under decaying leaves and in other moist situations, and its 

 method of respiration is doubtless practically the same as that of the fresh- 

 water species. It is a species very widely distributed in New Zealand and 

 perhaps elsewhere, and there are various uncertainties and difficulties con- 

 nected with it that require for their solution more time than can be de- 

 voted to the question at present. I have, however, included Parorchestia 

 suhtenuis (Dana), as it seems to be usually found in fresh- water streams, 

 though able to live in brackish water, and perhaps also on land. There are 

 other brackish- water species, such as Melita incequistylis ( = M. tenuicornis) 

 (Dana), that I have not included, because, although they may be found in 

 water that at the time is almost or quite fresh, they do not appear to have 

 established themselves in the fresh-water streams. 



I have arranged the species according to the classification in Stebbing's 

 " Das Tierreich Amphipoda," and have given only such references as ap- 

 peared necessary ; others will be found in that elaborate and exhaustive 

 work. 



Fam. Calliopiid.e. 



Paraleptamphopus subterraneus (Chilton). 



Calliope subterranea, Chilton, in N.Z. Journ. Sci., vol. i. p. 44, and Trans. 

 N.Z. Inst., vol. xiv, p. 177, pi. ix, figs. 1-10 (1882). CaUiopius sub- 

 terraneus, Chilton in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, vol. vi, p. 234, 

 pi. xxiii, figs. 10-18 (1894). Paraleptamphopus suhterraneus, Hutton in 

 Index Faunae N.Z., p. 259 (1904). Paraleptamphopus subterraneus, Chilton 

 in P.Z.S. London, 1906, p. 704 (1906). Paraleptamphopiis subterraneus, 

 Stebbing in " Das Tierreich Amphipoda," p. 294 (1906). 



This species was first described in 1882 from the imderground waters 

 at Eyreton, in North Canterbury, and was afterwards obtained from similar 

 situations in Lincoln and Ashburton, and at Winchester, in South Canterbury. 

 I have also two specimens from an artesian at St. iVlbans, Christchurch, depth 

 probably not more than 70 ft. ; collected by Mr. J. B. Mayne. In Novem- 

 ber, 1903, Dr. Cockayne brought me a few specimens, obtained in a surface 

 stream near the River Porter, at Castle Hill, Canterbury ; and a month or 

 two later I myself obtained numerous specimens from the same locality. 

 These specimens were quite colourless, showed no trace of eyes, and in these 

 and in all other respects closely resembled the subterranean forms. They 

 were found in a small stream issuing from a spring in the side of one of the 

 river-terraces of the River Porter, and I afterwards also found them in other 

 streams about two miles distant on the other side of the river. Later on 

 the species was taken by Messrs. Lucas and Hodgkin in their investigation 

 of the fresh-water lakes of New Zealand. Among their collections which 

 were submitted to me for examination there was one specimen obtained 

 from Lake Wakatipu (no depth mentioned) in Otago, and one from Lake 

 Taupo, at a depth of 700 ft., in the North Island. These specimens seem to 

 be practically identical with the subterranean forms first described. About 



