Stuckey. — A Review of the Xew Zealand Actiniaria. ^11 



To this list I append, for the benefit of other workers, the following 

 list of other New Zealand species which are at present known, but more or 

 less inadequately described. I have not seen any of these species : — 



24. Edwardsia neozealanica (Farquhar). 



25. Halcampactis mirabilis (Farquhar). 



26. Paractis momlifera (Drayton, Milne-Edwards, Hutton). 



27. Actinia striata (Quoy and Gaimard, Hutton). 



28. Phymactis pohjdactyla (Hutton). 



29. Minyas viridula (Quoy and Gaimard, Milne-Edwards, Hutton). 



30. Sagartia crocata (Hutton). 



31. Peachia carnea (Hutton). 



General Results. 



One new genus has been erected and one abandoned genus re-established. 

 Twelve new species have been described, four species have been placed in 

 other genera than those in w^hich they were placed by their original de- 

 scribers, and one species has received a new specific name. For all these 

 changes reasons are given in the text. 



In general, the anatomy of all species is normal. Actinia tenehrosa shows 

 great variation in the number and arrangement of its mesenteries. 



The histology of the Actiniaria has been so fully worked out by the 

 Hertwigs that little remains to be said on the subject. The structure of 

 ectoderm and endoderm showed no departure from the normal type, with 

 the exception of the ectodermal pits found in Leiotealia thomfsoni. The 

 mesogloea, however, showed some considerable variation. In the majority 

 of cases it presented the usual features — namely, " a homogeneous matrix 

 in which fibres are imbedded." In other cases lacunae were found to a 

 greater or less extent, especially in the tentacles of Phlyctenactis retifera, 

 where the mesogloea was found to be highly reticular. There are fine 

 sphincter muscles in Leiotealia thompsoni and Cradactis plicatus, more 

 especially in the former. 



A peculiar arrangement of the " trefoil " of the mesenterial filament 

 was noted in Actinia tenehrosa and Corynactis haddoni. 



With regard to gonads, it is a common occurrence for observers to fail 

 to find them in their specimens, either because the animals are immature, 

 or because the reproductive cells are found at certain seasons only. In 

 the papers enumerated hereunder, describing British anemones and those 

 collected in various expeditions, out of 163 species described gonads were 

 found in sixty-nine only. Of the twenty-three examined by me, and de- 

 scribed in this paper, gonads were located in nine. In two cases the animals 

 were found to be viviparous : one had ova in brood-pouches ; another was 

 observed to divide in a manner for w^hich I suggest the name " lateral 

 fission." __ 



Books and Papers referred to in this Paper. 

 Andres, A. " Le Attinie." " Fauna und Flora des Golfes var Naepel." 



1883. 

 Bourne, G. C. " Treatise on Zoology." R. Lankester. 1900. 

 Coughtrey, M. " Description of a New Species of Actinia." Trans. N.Z. 



Inst., vol. vii. 1894. 

 Delage and Herouard. " Traite de Zoologie Concrete." 1901. 

 Dixon, A. F. " Arrangement of Mesenteries in the Genus Sagartia." Proc. 



Roy. Dub. Soc, vol. vi, n.s., pt. 3. 1888. 

 Dixon, G. Y. " Remarks on Sagartia venusta and Sagartia nivea." Ibid. 



