previously), coordinated environmental protection activities, and environ- 

 mental sanctuaries. 



Coordinated environmental protection activities require close 

 communication between the State Coastal Commission, local and state 

 agencies, and l-ocal governments. Procedures for the preplanning neces- 

 sary to anticipate oil industries needs, and to channel disparate appli- 

 cations into a consolidated environmental program are being studied by 

 the OCS Task Force, the staff of the Coastal Commission, and affected 

 local governments. A related problem results from the demand for pipe- 

 lines to move processed oil to refineries in the Los Angeles and San 

 Francisco areas. Pipelines have been shown to be several times less 

 prone to spills than marine terminals and tankers; however, there is a 

 strong tendency to use existing tankers, rather than pipelines, because 

 of an overstocked tanker market. Pipelines also require a large front 

 end investment that can only be amortized if the size of the field insures 

 oil supplies for as much as 20 years. Many oil and gas companies also 

 prefer to use their own transportation facilities because they do not 

 wish to give control over the delivery of their products to a pipeline 

 firm. 



State of California environmental sanctuaries should be considered 

 a valuable oil and gas deterrent in Southern California (sanctuaries 

 also have been nominated in OCS water of Central and Northern California). 

 Sanctuaries were designated by the State Legislature to prohibit oil and 

 gas development that may directly or indirectly endanger the critical 

 nature of the coastline. State law provides that the sanctuaries may 

 be opened for oil and gas development in the event the State finds that 



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