NSWC/WOL TR 76-155 



3.4 COMPARISON OF SHOCKWAVE IMPULSE AND CALCULATED BLADDER 

 OSCILLATION AS DAMAGE PARAMETERS 



Yelverton et al 4 at the Lovelace Foundation working in a test 

 pond with eight species of bladder fish at depths down to 10 feet 

 obtained fish-kill results describable by an Impulse Damage Parameter, 



Z = 80 In [I/M 1/3 ] (3.4.1) 



where In is the natural logarithm, I is the impulse of the positive 

 portion of the pressure wave in psi-msec and M is the mass of the 

 fish in grams. [The arbitrary constant, 80, was calculated by the 

 author to correspond to the value, 100, in the Bladder Oscillation 

 Parameter (Equation 3.1.5).] 



The results reported by Yelverton et al 1 * give a kill- 

 probability 



1 

 p = (3.4.2) 



1 + EXP[-0.083(Z I -132) ] 



where Z is the Impulse Parameter. Equation 3.4.2 is derived from 

 Figure 6 of Yelverton et al by fitting the cumulative logistic 

 probability distribution to their results for observed mortality upon 

 holding the fish for 24 hours after the explosion test. 



Figure 3.4.1a shows the level 3 injury results for Spot and 

 White Perch (Tables 3.1.3 and 3.1.4) plotted as a function of the 

 Impulse Damage Parameter. Note that the Impulse Damage Parameter 

 does not describe these results . 



Figure 3.4.1b shows a subset of the level 3 injury results 

 for Spot and White Perch plotted as a function of the Impulse Damage 



4. Yelverton, J. T., et al, "The Relationship between Fish Size and their Response 

 to Underwater Blast," DNA Report 3677T, Lovelace Foundation, 1975. 



47 



