Elutriate Toxicity Test with Embryos of the Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Table 8 

 presents a summary of results for the various end-points of this test. A range of 84.4 to 87.5 

 percent of the larvae developed normally among the seawater and sediment controls. 

 Consistently lower normal development was seen in samples from the TB and SP sites. 

 Lowest mean percent normal development occurred in samples 13 and 14. Variability was 

 very high in sample 13 due to the result from one replicate. The highest and lowest values 

 differed by a factor of 1.4. 



The mean echinochrome pigment content was highest in tests of sample 14 and lowest in 

 samples 1 and 2, differing by a factor of 1.3. Whereas the percent normal development end- 

 point suggested highest toxicity in samples 13 and 14, the echinochrome pigment end-point 

 suggested the lowest toxicity in those samples (Table 8). Fertilization success of eggs was 

 tested in five samples. It was considerably lower in the batch 01 tests, which included 

 samples 1, 4, and 7 than in the batch 02 tests, which included samples 11 and 13. 

 Fertilization success also was low in batch 01 controls, due to a lower sperm density used in 

 the first batch. 



Several end-points representing cytogenetic (mitotic) and cytologic abnormalities in the 

 embryos were recorded for five samples (Table 8). All but one of the end-points indicated 

 highest mean toxicity in sample 1. The lowest mean number of mitoses per larva was for 

 those exposed to sample 1 sediments. Mean percent of the embryos with mitotic (anaphase) 

 aberrations was highest (30 percent) in sample 1 and lowest (8 percent) in sample 13. Mean 

 incidences of micronucleated cells were highest (5 in all the cells of 20 embryos) in sample 1 

 and lowest (0.6 in 20 embryos) in sample 13. Means of zero to 1.2 micronucleated cells out of 

 those in 20 embryos were recorded in animals exposed to the controls. The mean number of 

 embryos with at least one cytologic abnormality was highest in larvae exposed to sample 11 

 and lowest in those exposed to sample 13. 



The fertilized eggs of the white sea urchin (Lytechinus pictus) were exposed to elutriates 

 of three samples (1, 4, and 13). A low yield of eggs was obtained from the laboratory 

 population of urchins, forcing a reduction in the number of eggs added to the beakers. The 

 mean percent normally developed embryos was similar among stations and controls, ranging 

 from a minimum of 53.6 percent in a seawater control to a maximum of 70.1 percent in sample 

 1 (Appendix A). 



The exposures of green sea urchin embryos to the elutriate samples were not successful. 

 Despite obtaining good yields of eggs and satisfactory fertilization percentages, normal 

 embryo development was not obtained. None of the embryos in the control or elutriate 

 samples developed beyond the early cleavage stages of development. Consequently, no usable 

 data were obtained (Appendix A). 



Pore Water Toxicity Test with the Polychaete Dinophilus gyrociliatus. Mean survival was 

 similar (86 to 100 percent) in all samples and controls (Table 9) and this end-point was not 

 evaluated further. Mean survival of 100 percent occurred in tests of 11 of the 15 samples. 

 Lowest mean egg production (2.9 eggs/female) was observed in polychaetes exposed to 

 sediment pore water from sample 4, followed by that for sample 11. Means of 10.4 eggs per 

 female were produced in seawater controls and 10.0 in pore water controls, similar to the 

 results for tests of samples 13 and 15. Animals in the seawater control and sample 13 

 produced about 3.6 times more eggs than those exposed to sample 4. 



34 



