PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR (S ): A. R. Kranz, U. Scheidemann, C. Thomas, Horst 



Buecker, M. Delpoux, S. Fogel, M. Freeling, E. H. 

 Graul, G. Horneck, H. Planel, W. Ruether, C. A. 

 Tobias, B. Toth, T. Yang, 0. C. Allkofer, R. 

 Beaujean, E. V. Benton, W. Enge, R. Facius, H. 

 Francois, W. Heinrich, D. Hildebrand, C. Jaoquot, 

 R. Kaiser, J. P. Massue, E. Obst, D. D. Peterson, 

 R. Pfohl, G. Portal, G. Reitz, E. Schopper, M. 

 Schaefer, J. U. Schott, and G. Siegmon 



EXPERIMENT TITLE/NUMBER : BIOSTACK III 



PROGRAM/MISSION : Apollo-Soyuz Test Project 



CLASSIFICATION : Plant - European watercress seeds (Arabidopsis thaliana) 



DISCIPLINE(S) : Radiobiology , Cell biology, Behavioral science 



OBJECTIVES : To observe the influence of HZE particles on germination, plant 

 development, and mutation induction. 



PROTOCOL : The BIOSTACK flight experiment was stored in the R-1 compartment on 

 the Apollo capsule where there was the least shielding from ambient radiation. 

 The specimens were arranged in monolayers, imbedded in polyvinyl alcohol, and 

 stacked between track detector sheets. Particle tracks were located in 

 relation to biological objects and the physical quantities of these particles 

 were determined. 



EQUIPMENT : Two cylindrical aluminum containers which enclosed a stack of 

 biological specimens and dosimeters. 



RESULTS : There was no significant difference between HZE hit plants and 

 controls. 



CONCLUSIONS : HZE-particle-induced damage might become manifest if 

 nonreplaceable cells are destroyed. In manned space flight, the primary 

 concern would be the nervous system. However, the risk to man from HZE 

 particles during space flight can be sufficiently lowered if the maximum 

 possible shielding against HZE particle bombardment is ensured in the design 

 and construction of future space vehicles. 



PUBLICATIONS : 116, 121, 122, 124, 212, 469 



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