i' " 1455 V ^ 



b}' tHe House Coiximittee on Science and Astronautics in 1967, spoke 

 of a "new determination on the part of the, Congress of the United 

 States to take part in, the international interchange of science and, 

 technology, and to help shape its influence on world affairs." ^^^. At 

 a hearing before a subcommittee! of the House Foreign Attairs Com- 

 mittee in 1969, the subcommittee chairman, Clement J. Zablocki, 

 stressed the other side of the relationship: "If the quality of our 

 strategic thought and th€ efl'ectiyeness of our strategic poUcies are to 

 remain high, their constant review is necessary in the hght of strides 

 in science and techi;\ology.'* It was therefore necessary for Members of 

 Congress to have "a deeper appreciation of the ways in which scien- 

 tific progress may shape strategic thinking and foreign policy in the 

 days to come." ^^® . . , ./ 



It is beyond the scope of this study to trace all the different staff 

 studies and reports, hearings and i,ndiyidual commentaries on broad 

 scientific and technological trends affecting the sweep of U.S. foreign 

 policy. However, two examples are offered to approaches by congres- 

 sional committees to assess (a) the present and future' diplomatic 

 environment largely created by modern technology, or (b) the present 

 and prospective trends in science and technology that produce pro- 

 found unpacts on the diplomatic envii'onment. 



INVESTIGATION OF CHANGES IN THE DIPLOMATIC ENVIRONMENT 



In 1969 an investigation was begun by the Subcommittee on Na- 

 tional Security Policy and Scientific Developments of the House 

 Committee on Foreign Affairs into the relationships between national 

 strategy and science, broadly defined. The emphasis of this first inves- 

 tigation was heavily on the technology of weaponry and its diplomatic 

 consequences. However, late in the hearing the concluding witness, the 

 Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, U. AJexis Johnson, 

 broadened the scope of the discussion when he said : 



Another set of questions relevant to national security concerns the role tech- 

 nological change plays in the relationship between ourselves and others. How do 

 technological developments help to strengthen the ties with others in the free 

 world? How do these developments divide? ^" 



A further set of hearings in 1972, carefully structured, addressed the 

 broader scope of "National Security Policy and the Changing World 

 Power Alignment." These hearings explored: 



— Strategic and General Considerations; 

 — National Security Policy: the Exercise of Alilitary Power; 

 — The Economics of National Security; 



— Tliird World Development: Tribulations, Challenges, and 

 Prospects ; 



— Domestic Requirements of a Successful National Security 

 Pohcy ; 



— The Tasks — and the Alternatives — in Preventing World 

 War III; and 

 — The View from the State Department. 



i»« U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Science and Astronautics, Qovernznenl, Science, and Inter national 

 Policy, proceedings ttefSre the' Committee of the Pafiel on Science and Technology, Eighth Meetitiji Jan- 

 uary 24-26, 1%7, p. le. ..".;♦ 



i" U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, National Security Policy and* Scientific De- 

 velopments Subcommittee, Strategy and Scienu: Toward a National Security Policy for the 1970s, Hearings 

 91st Cong., 1st sess., March 1969, p. 2. 



i" Ibid., p. 237. 



