1289 



technology is providing," he said, and added : "We accept the obliga- 

 tion to do all we can to help the poorer countries meet their develop- 

 ment needs through more effective use of technology." ^*^ 



The Congress on Development Policy. — The Congress, like the Ex- 

 ecutive Branch, has for many years consistently reaffirmed its commit- 

 ment to the principle of assistance to the disadvantaged in the world. 

 The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as amended contains the most 

 comprehensive statement of policy by the Congress on the matter of 

 foreign aid. Section 102, Part I, of the Act states : ''*^ 



The Congress declares that the freedom, security, and prosperity of the United 

 States are best sustained in a community of free, secure, and prospering nations. 

 In particular, the Congress recognizes the threat to world peace posed by ag- 

 gression and subversion wherever they occur, and that ignorance, want, and 

 despair breed the extremism and violence which lead to aggression and sub- 

 version. The Congress declares therefore that it is not only expressive of our 

 sense of freedom, justice, and compassion but also important to our national 

 security that the United States, through private as well as public efforts, assist 

 the people of less developed countries in their efforts to acquire the knowledge 

 and resources essential for development and to build the economic, political, 

 and social institutions which will meet their aspirations for a better life, with 

 freedom, and in peace. 



The Congress further declared that to achieve the objectives of this 

 Act, programs authorized by the Act should be carried out in accord- 

 ance with seven principles. The first and fourth principles have a 

 direct bearing on the use of trained manpower, institution-building, 

 and self-help by the LDCs, all of which are central to the relationship 

 between brain drain and development : 



First, development is primarily the responsibility of the people of the less 

 developed countries themselves. Assistance from the United States shall be used 

 in support of, rather than substitution for, the self-help efforts that are essential 

 to successful development programs, and shall be concentrated in those countries 

 that take positive steps to help themselves. Maximum effort shall be made, in the 

 administration of this Act, to stimulate the involvement of the people in the 

 development process through the encouragement of democratic participation in 

 private and local governmental activities and institution-building appropriate to 

 the requirements of the recipient nations. 



A 4: « 4e * <: <- 



Fourth, the first objects of assistance shall be to support the efforts of less 

 developed countries to meet the fundamental needs of their peoples for sufficient 



'«U.S. Department of State, Secretary of State William P. Rogers, "U.S. Foreign Policy 

 in a Technological Age," Address to the 12th meeting of the Panel on Science and Tech- 

 nology of the House Committee on Science and Astronautics, Department 0/ State Press 

 Release No. 20, Jan. 26, 1971, p. 6. On the following day, Jan. 27, 1971. Dr. E. E. David. Jr., 

 Science .\dvisor to thp President, told the panel : ''Another facet of the problem involves the 

 developing nations. We In the developed world have an obligation to encourage and aid 

 their peaceful development. Secretary Rogers yesterday mentioned the President's proposal 

 to create an International Development Institute as a future focus for our bilateral tech- 

 nical assistance efforts. This promising proposal will lay a new foundation for effective 

 technical cooperation between the United States and developing countries. It will provide 

 a unique instrument for bringing the best of U.S. scientific and technological talent to bear 

 and In a way which will strengthen, not supplant Indigenous Institutions In those coun- 

 tries. It is very clear here that we have much to learn about how to make such efforts 

 truly effective. . . . Basically I believe the key lies in creating competences within the 

 developing societies relevant to their own needs." (E. E. David, Jr., "Remarks at Luncheon 

 Meeting of House Science & Astronautics Committee," Panel on Science and Technology, 

 and National Capital Section of American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics held 

 at the Ravburn House Office Building. Washington. D.C., Jan. 27, 1971, p. 7.) 



'"U.S. Congress, Senate and House, Committee on Foreign Relations and Committee 

 on Foreign Affairs, Legislation on Foreign Relation's With Explanatory Notes, 93d Cong., 

 1st sess., 1973. pp. 1-3. (Joint Committee print.) 



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