IV. UxiTED States axd Soviht-Easterx Europeax Ixter- Academy 



SCIEXTIFIC EXCHAXGES 



Introduction 



The United States and the Soviet Union agreed to the terms of a 

 new bilateral accord for science and teclinology on May 24, 1972. The 

 agreement, one of a series of four which resulted from the Wasliington- 

 Moscow summit meetings, augmented pre\aous scientific and teclmical 

 exchange agreements, mcluding those annexed to biennially renewed 

 cultural relations treaties.^^- 



The 1972 accord created a Joint Commission on Scientific and Tech- 

 nical Cooperation to maintain contmuing negotiations and joint 

 program planning in order to estabUsh and guide cooperative research 

 projects agreed to in the accord.^^^ 



The first meeting of the Joint Commission was held in March 1973. 

 It was originally proposed that the President's Science Ad^'ise^ and 

 the Office of Science and Technology, Executive Office of the President, 

 would pro\nde U.S. achninistrative support. Under President Nixon's 

 Reorganization Plan Xo. 1, January 1973,^^^ the Director of the Xa- 

 tionai Science Foundation was given responsibUit}- to represent the 

 United States on the Joint Commission. 



The first deputy chairman of the State Committee of the So^-iet 

 Council of Ministers for Science and Teclinology was his counterpart 

 at the first meeting. Due to constraints of protocol, the first deputy 

 minister replaced the chairman of the State Committee, who was 

 originally designated coiniterpart of the President's Science Adviser .^^'' 

 Among the programs agreed to at the fu'st nee ting were "direct co- 

 operation" — primarily on a Government and agency-to-agency basis — 

 in energy-, computer applications to management, agricultural research, 

 microbiological s^Tithesis, chemical catalysis, and water resources.^^" 



The 1972 accord for cooperation in science and teclinology includes 

 pro\isions for mutually agreed upon joint cooperative research. Thus, 

 it significantly enlarges the scope of previous scientific and technical 

 agreements which supported primarily exchanges of personnel and 

 information. This development and the signing of additional cooper- 

 ative agreements in applied science and teclinology fields, in both 



?32 Two accords were signed on May 23. 1972: (1) "The Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of En- 

 vtronmeiital Protection . . ." and (.-) "The Agreement ... in the Cooperation in the Field of Medical 

 Science snd PuMic Health. . . ." In addition to the Science and Technology Agreement, another agreement 

 signed on May 24, was "The Agreement ... on Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for 

 Peaceful Purposes. . . ." 



^ "U.S. and U.S.S.R. Sign Exchange Agreement for 1972-1073," DepaTtment of State Bulletin LX^I, Xo. 

 1716 (Mav 1.5. li>72). pp. 707-713. including text of the agreement. 



33< "Transfer of OST Fimctious to Director of XSF." XSF Xeics ReUase (January 26, 1973), NSF 73-104, 

 3 pages. 



3W "U.3.-U.S.S.R. RandD Accord: More. But Xot Much." Science and Goremment Report (ApriW.KTZ), 

 p. 3. On July 1. 1973 the President designated the Director of the XSF as the President's Science Adviser. 

 It remains to be seen whether the chairman of the State Committee of the Soviet Cotmcil of Ministers for 

 Science and Technology wiU participate in future Joint Commission meetings, even though the protocol 

 problem has been removed. 



s^* "U.S. -U.S.S.R. Joint Commission Announces Approval of Action Programs for Cooperative Re- 

 search," Xational Science Foundation News Release (March 21, 1973), 5 pp. (XSF 73-131.) 



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