1352 



with the technical aspects of arms limitation. Support the continuation of NATO's 

 science advisory services. 



(8) Encourage regional programs to strengthen science not only in Europe 

 but in other parts of the world. Science lends itself well to international efforts. 

 CERN is an example. 



(9) Encourage international efforts to develop more engineer-managers or 

 project engineers who can direct the successful development of intricate engi- 

 neering systems, who can deal with new orders of reliabiHty, who can bring 

 "Wisdom and social foresight to the difficult task of handling technological change 

 so that it benefits and does not hurt people, and who can mobilize technology 

 ■with this in mind to increase productivity. 



(10) Do not misuse science and technology by distorting them for propaganda 

 purposes. We will build greater prestige in the long run by insuring the quality, 

 vigor, and integrity of cur science and technologj'. We gain prestige by being 

 better in more areas. 



(11) Encourage more scientists and engineers to prepare themselves for foreign 

 service and for advisory and administrative responsibilities in government. En- 

 courage universities to establish programs to educate scientists having this 

 orientation. . . .*^ 



At the close of Dr. Whitman's tenure, Dean Rusk, Secretary of 

 State, sought the advice of Dr. Jerome Wiesner, the President's 

 Science Adviser, on the reconstitution of the science office in State. 

 What should be its mission and how should it be staffed? 



The matter was referred to a panel of the President's Science 

 Advisory Committee (PS AC). The report of the "Science and Foreign 

 Affairs Panel," endorsed by PSAC, went to the Department of State 

 in March 1962, and after some modification was promulgated (and 

 the officer's appointment announced) in September 1962." The 

 thrust of the recommendations was that the status of the office 

 should be elevated, the scientific functions emphasized, and the 

 related functions of space and atomic energy consolidated within it. 

 The office would combine operational and staff policy duties. 



RESPONSE BY THE STATE DEPARTMENT 



Thus, in September 1962, Dr. Ragnar Rollefson, professor of 

 physics at the University of Wisconsin, was named to succeed Whit- 

 man and at the same time the title was changed to "Director of Inter- 

 national Scientific Affairs." His rank and duties were spelled out in a 

 Foreign Affairs Manual Circular, "Director of International Scientific 

 Affairs," (No. 84, Sept. 14, 1962.) The Director would be "a principal 

 officer of the Department \^^th rank administratively equivalent to a 

 bureau head." He would "serve as adviser to the Secretary and the 

 Department on scientific and technological matters. ..." His 

 principal functions would be : 



a. Participate actively in general foreign pohcy development, ensuring that 

 appropriate consideration is given to scientific and technological factors. 



b. Advise and assist the Secretar}^ of State and other Department officers in 

 reaching decisions on matters having scientific and technological implications. 



c. Participate in policy planning for and provide guidance to U.S. international 

 science activities. 



d. Work with the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, regional bureaus, 

 and other appropriate elements in formulating policy and planning programs for 

 scientific exchange. 



<5 i- "villian. Chairman of the Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, first presented 

 chis p'nn at the Silver Stein Award Dfnner of the MIT Club of New York. Subsequently it appeared under 

 the tit. ' lakiiig Science a Vital Force in Foreign Policy," Science, January 6, 1961, pp. 24-25. 



A conaensation of the speech also appeared in the Christian Science Monitor, December 21, 1960. 



" SkoluikoS, op. cit., pp. 259-260. 



