888 



more specific objectives for participants. . . . Many Americans admit that they 

 go abroad simply to see other countries ... to learn something about the people 

 and the culture of another country [and] ... to learn a foreign language. 2* 



The support of explicit professional goals, Shank continues, is only 

 one of the motives behind such travel. "And finally," he adds, "there 

 is a relatively small number of Americans who go abroad to teach or 

 to help in the development of foreign institutions." ^^ 



This introductory section was designed to provide an overview of 

 the exchange programs to be discussed in the study and a characteri- 

 zation of how these programs illustrate the many relationships and 

 potential conflicts between the broader objectives of science and 

 diplomacy. The four following sections describe the origins, evolution, 

 and accomplishments of the scientific exchanges of the Fulbright-Hays 

 program, the NSF-administered nongovernmental exchange activities, 

 the NAS-administered exchanges with the Soviet Union and Eastern 

 Europe, and the origins of formal scientific exchanges with the People's 

 Republic of China. The final section presents some concluding ob- 

 servations. 



2* Donald J. Shank, "The American Goes Abroad," The Annals of the American Academy of Political and 

 Social Science (May 1961), pp. 9&-111. 

 23 Idem. 



