II. The FulbrIght-Hays Program for SenIor-Level Exchanges 



At the request of Congress, the Department of Health, Education, 

 and Welfare, in 1969, surveyed ". , . all . . . programs of the Federal 

 Government that have to do with educational activities aimed at 

 improved international understanding and cooperation,"^ and found 

 that 31 agencies of the Government administer 159 programs for 

 two-way exchanges of scholars or for other foreign or international 

 educational activities." These programs are authorized by 42 legis- 

 ative acts,^^ and cost somewhere between $400 and $800 million 

 annually. ^^ 



Scope and Limitations of the Section 



U.S. scholars in scientific and technical disciplines are sent abroad 

 under a number of these programs. The oldest of these and one which 

 supports exclusively personnel at the doctorate or post-doctorate level 

 is the senior-level Fulbright-Hays program, directed by the Bureau of 

 Educational and Cultural Affairs (CU), Department of State, under 

 the statutory authority of the Mutual Educational and Cultural 

 Exchange Act of 1961, Public Law 87-256. It includes two-way 

 exchanges of senior-level lecturers, researchers, and scholars in all 

 academic disciplines. (Exchanges of graduate and undergraduate 

 students in all disciplines and exchanges of artistic, cultural, athletic, 

 and other professionals are conducted under other parts of the Hays- 

 Fulbright program.) American senior-level (i.e., Ph. D.) scientists 

 and technical professionals play a large role in the program. During 

 the last five program years an average of more than 50 percent of the 

 senior professional lecturers and researchers recommended to be sent 

 abroad each year were social, natural, or applied scientists; the rest 

 were scholars or professionals in the arts, humanities, and cultural 

 fields. (See Table 2.) 



2' Pursuant to a provision of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare appropriations act of 

 1968 (P.L. 90-132), which called for: "A comprehensive study of all currently authorized programs of the 

 . . . Government that have to do with educational activities aimed at improved international understanding 

 and cooperation, with the objective of determining the extent of adjustment and consolidation of these 

 programs that is desirable in order that their objectives may be more efficiently and expeditiously 

 accomplished . . . ." 



2' The survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire sent to 44 Federal agencies; 31 responded. In 

 addition to reporting financial and descriptive data, the agencies categorized each of their programs ac- 

 cording to its major objectives. The resulting breakdown is: technical assistance, 56 programs; educational 

 exchange and cooperation directed primarily to foreign nationals and countries, 14 programs; cultural 

 exchange and presentations, 1 program; information services directed to foreign nationals, 13 programs; 

 programs to strengthen U.S. education resources and increase manpower with international competence, 

 40 programs; and cooperative international activities for mutual benefit, 35 programs. (Source: U.S., De- 

 partment of Health, Education, and Welfare. Office of Education, Institute of International Studies, In- 

 ventory of Federal PTograms Involving Educational Activities Concerned With Improving International Under- 

 standing and Cooperation An Inter- Agency Survey Conducted For the Congress of the United States, June 

 1%9, 545 pp.) 



2' U.S., Congress, House, Committee on Appropriations, Departments of Stale, Justice, Commerce, The 

 Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, FY 1970: Report to Accompany H.R. 129G4, 91st Cong., 

 1st sess., 1969, p. 7. 



^ The House Appropriations Committee in 1989 estimated that the U.S. Government civilian exchanges 

 programs for FY 70 would cost $377,419,000. This figure is based on materials supplied by the Department 

 of State. The $800 million figure is taken from James M. Davis, "The U.S. Government and International 

 Education: A Doomed Program?," Phi Delta Kappan (January 1970), p. 238. Davis based his total on com- 

 putations using materials presented in Inventory of Federal Programs Involving Educational Activities Con- 

 cerned with Improving International Understanding and Cooperation. . ., op. cit. The HEW study did not 

 present any annual totals for Goverrunent-wide costs for international education activities. 



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