915 



— retrenchment in program funding, causing: (1) a decrease 

 in the availability of research scholar openings, especially in 

 the developing countries, limiting scientific participation to 

 teaching, an endeavor incompatible with scholarly and peer 

 expectations; and (2) inadequate remuneration; and 



— possibly unfavorable political connotations deriving from 



USIA field administration. 



It was observed also that effective performance of the grantee is 



often more a function of his abiUty to get along in the overseas 



situation than of his professional standing as determined by his peers 



at home. 



The data raise the following issues: 



Would the quahty and effectiveness of scientific participation in 

 the program be improved if: (1) a science advisory apparatus were 

 established in the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs or in 

 the Conunittee on the Exchange of Persons to provide for better 

 coorduaation between the requirements of scientific scholarship and 

 diplomatic objectives? (2) the Bureau of Educational and Cultural 

 Affairs undertook more comprehensive information-gathering on the 

 program, and sponsored more research and evaluation to improve 

 program operations, continuity, and long-range in-country planning? 

 and (3) field responsibilities were shifted from the cultural affairs 

 officer to an official more familiar with the requirements of educational 

 and scientific exchange, such as an educational officer or science 

 attach^? "« 



Another issue, more broadly associated with the general relationship 

 between scientific exchange and diplomacy, emerges from the data: 



In view of the difficulties encountered in finding scientific and tech- 

 nical personnel to serve in the developing countries, would the objec- 

 tives of the Fulbright-Hays program m these areas be better served 

 if special inducements were made to obtain qualified personnel willing 

 to serve in technical assistance capacities; or if foreign government 

 expectations for technical assistance were satisfied through other U.S. 

 Government programs? 



"'A review of congressional committee hearings on the program, FY J960-rY 1970, reveals that the 

 Congress has not been provided with complete information on difficulties the State Department encounters 

 in conducting the senior Fulbright-Hays program. (See annual hearings of the House Committee on Appro- 

 priations on Dept. of State Appropriations.) After the draft of this study was completed, Development 

 Alternatives, Inc. completed a study for CU on The Senior-Fulbright PTogram and Its U.S. Domestic Impact. 

 Many of the recommendations made in that study parallel those made here. For instance, with respect to 

 research awards the report recommended: "that each grant given have both a clearly defined research com- 

 ponent and teaching or seminar responsibiUties which will bring the professor into close contact with the 

 faculty and graduate students of the host institution," and "that some joint research projects with a problem- 

 solving orientation be initiated." Also among the re'^ommendations were the following: (paraphrase) that 

 recipients be made aware of cultural constraints in adapting to a foreign culture; that travel funds be made 

 available for families; that language be made a requirement for many countries; that more grants of longer 

 tenure be awarded; that professors make pre-departure arrangements with foreign host institutions; that 

 the role of the Binational Commissions and of the Cultural Aflairs Officer be reassessed "in light of possible 

 alternatives or methods for improving the effectiveness of planning: that more attention be given by Bi- 

 national Commissions to the availability of candidates in the United States; that institution-to-institution 

 ties be developed; that the level of stii)ends be reassessed to account for the increased cost of living in many 

 countries; that better prendeparture country orientation programs be inittated; and that grantees be given 

 longer predeparture lead time. (Development Alternatives, Inc. The Senior FiUbright Program and Its U.S. 

 Domestic Impact. A study prepared for CU, under contract No. 1069-387022. Project director, Charles F. 

 Sweet. Washington, D.C.: January 1973), pp. 53-57.) 



