940 



pays the external travel costs and the host country pays subsistence 

 expenses. The National Council of Scientific and Industrial Research 

 of India (CSIR) is the foreign counterpart organization. Both the 

 NSF and the CSIR approve selection of individual grantees and 

 their programs. Exchanges of senior level scientists and engineers 

 are emphasized. The original agreement did not specify particular 

 subjects for exchange. Subsequent activities, at least for Arnericans, 

 have included mathematics; physical, medical, biological, engineering, 

 and social sciences; history and philosophy of science; and interdiscipli- 

 nar}^ areas, such as geochemistry, meteorology, and oceanography. ^^^ 



The Foundation announces the program to academic departments 

 and to a selected mailing list of potentially interested individuals.^^^ 

 U.S. appUcants are evaluated on age, occupation, pubhcations, 

 speciaUzed subject proficiency, academic degrees, experience, language 

 proficiency other than English, nonprofessional interests if relevant, 

 previous visits to India, duration of proposed visit, purpose and 

 program of visit, and statement of scientific and economic importance 

 ' to both countries of their visit to India.^^^ 



The Foundation does not require that American applicants be 

 evaluated on their ability to adapt to a foreign culture; and provides 

 no special training or orientation for participants. After his visit, the 

 American scientist or engineer is required to submit a report to the 

 Foundation describing his scientific activities in India and his general 

 reaction. The Foundation is developing plans to exchange reports with 

 India in an effort to improve the program. 



The bilateral agreement provides for an annual rnaximum of 

 exchanges totaling 800 man-days each way. Indian scientists and 

 engineers have participated extensively in the program: in the fiscal 

 years 1968, 1969, and 1970, visits of Indians to the U.S. totalled 186, 

 948, and 913 man-days respectively. Americans have not responded 

 equally. Corresponding figures for the three years were 67, 217, and 

 369. (For details see Table 13). According to the Department of State, 

 the program is beneficial primarily to Indian scientists and engineers 

 who come to this country to ' examine industrial methods and 

 processes." ^^^ 



U.S. -Australia Agreement for Scientific and Technical Cooperation. — 

 The United States-Australia Agreement for Scientific and Technical 

 Cooperation is similar to the U.S.-Italy Agreement: cooperative re- 

 search is emphasized; each government bears the cost of its own 

 participation, and no funds are allocated specifically for the program. 

 The origins of the program date to M&j 1968 when President Lyndon 

 B. Johnson, visiting Australia, promised Prime Minister Gorton that 

 a U.S. scientific delegation would visit Australia to discuss and expand 

 the existing cooperation between the American and Australian civilian 

 scientific communities. In October of that year, an American delega- 

 tion visited AustraHa led by Dr. Donald Hornig, the Pres dent's 

 science adviser, and Dr. Philip Handler, Chairman of the National 

 Science Board. After eight days of discussion the officials signed a 

 formal agreement for scientific cooperation.^"" 



i»« U.S. National Science Foundation, "Exchange of Scientists and Engineers: U.S./India," program 

 announcement, non-dated; "India-U.S. exchange of scientists: terms of reference;" and NSF, data sheet on 

 "U.S.-India Exchange of Scientists and Engineers," prepared by DIP, January 15, 1971. 



iw Interview with Dr. Eaphael RonJdn, DIP, February 26, 1971. 



19* "Exchange of Scientists and Engineers; U.S./India," program brochure, op. cit. 



iM "U.S. Scientific and Technological Agreements with Other Countries," op. clt., p. 4. 



:m"U.S. Australia Agreement for Scientific and Technical Cooperation," Oct. 16, 1968, TIAS 6589, 19 

 U ST 6714. 



