1000 



— fewer Soviet scientists came to the United States than Ameri- 

 cans went to the Soviet Union in the period 1967-1970; however, 

 man-months of exchange were about equal; 



— ^although numbers as well as man-months of exchanges both 

 ways have gradually increased since inception of the program, 

 current trends indicate a movement toward fewer, but longer 

 visits. In the period 1959-1963, 39 Americans went to the Soviet 

 Union for a total of 66 man-months; in the period 1967-1970, 

 this increased to 106 Americans for a total of 333 man-months. 

 Data for recent years especially, show a trend toward longer 

 visits. (See Table 29.) 



TABLE 29.— UNITED STATES-SOVIET EXCHANGES, NUMBERS AND MAN-MONTHS, FISCAL YEARS 1959-71 



Fiscal 

 year 



Numbers 



Americans to Soviet 

 Union 



Soviets to United 

 States 



NSF 



NAS data 



NSF 



NAS data 



Man-months 



Americans to Soviet 

 Union 



Soviets to United 

 States 



NSF 



NAS data 



NSF 



NAS data 



data Long Short Total data Long Short Total data Long Short Total data Long Short ' Total 



1959-1963: 

 1961... 

 1962... 

 1963... 



1963-1967: 

 1964... 

 1965... 

 1966... 



1969-1970: 

 1967... 

 1968... 

 1969... 

 1970... 



1971... 

 1972... 



51 



34 39 



40 34 



"I I 



18 



55 106 



14 



31 36 



45 43 



68 20 



15 18 



I na) 



30 36 



226 46 272 



Ik} 



I naI 



22 31 



120 



53 



53 173 



342 



90 

 73 



Note: Fiscal year 1966 data were not available in the NSF 1966 annual report. These are taken from Inventory of Federal 

 Programs . . . , op. cit.. p. 363. 

 NA means not available. 



Sources: NAS data figured from: "Soviets to USA," 1939-63, 1963-70, 1967-70. These are materials supplied by the 

 Soviet and Eastern European section, Office of the Foreign Secretary, National Academy of Sciences. NSF data extrap- 

 olated from data in thefollowing sources: Fiscal year 1961: U.S., NSF, "Annual Report, Fiscal year 1961, "op. cit, p. 141, 

 Fiscal Year 1964; U.S., NSF, "Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1965,' ' op. cit. p. 151 ; Fiscal Year 1967: U.S., NSF, "Annual Report, 

 Fiscal Year 1967, 1968,' ' p. 168; Fiscal Year 1968: U.S.. NSF, "Annual Report, Fiscal year 1968, 1969," p.2l5; Fiscal Year 1969: 

 U.S.. NSF, "Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1969, 1970," p. 104; Fiscal Year 1970: U.S., NSF, "Annual Report, Fiscal Year 

 1970, 1971," p. 95; Fiscal Year 1972: "1974 National Science Foundation Authorization: Hearings," op. cit., p. 18. 



In the early years of the program it was difficult to fill quot as 

 established for exchanges with the Academies of both the Soviet 

 Union and Eastern Europe. For instance: 



In fiscal year 1965, 43 Soviet scientists visited the United States for a total of 

 105 man-months and 34 American scientists visited the U.S.S.R. for a total of 

 91 man-months (comparable figures for the preceding year were 15 Soviet visitors 

 for 24 man-months and 13 Americans for 52 man-months). The agreement calls 

 for 55 visits from each country totaling 180 man-months for the two calendar 

 years of 1964 and 1965.4'» 



The quota established for Soviet exchanges during the calendar biennium 

 1966-1967 (180 man-months) was completely filled by both Academies [Soviet and 

 American]. This is the first instance of complete subscription since the beginning 

 of the program in fiscal year 1960.*** 



Difficulties in filling quotas for Americans have resulted in part 

 from restrictions Soviets place on access to facilities of especial interest 

 to American scientific and technical personnel. They stem also from 



ws U.S., National Science Foundation, Annual Report, FY 1965, op. cit., p. 151. 

 *»• U.S., National Science Foundation, AnnwH Report, FY 1968, 1969, p. 216. 



