1032 



-'It would provide a useful first cut [at such information] or perhaps 

 prove the entire effort impossible." ^^° On July 27, 1971, the study was 

 reported to have gone by the wayside. 



The IC, FCST, also made another more recent effort to improve 

 design and implementation of the many bilateral science agreements 

 providing for U.S. exchange of scientists with other countries. The 

 Committee, in January 1972, issued a catalogue of bilateral agree- 

 ments and a set of "Guidelines for Executive and Participating 

 Agencies in Bilateral Agreements for S and T Cooperation." These 

 guidelines, like others that have come before it, stress the need for 

 executive agencies to prepare annual reports on activities conducted 

 under bilaterals and for other agencies participating in the agreement 

 to inform the executive agency regularly of activities carried out to 

 support these agreements. It is not known whether the agencies 

 involved have made any systematic efforts to respond to these 

 guidelines.^^^ 



A Multilateral Alternative 



A number of programs described above for sending abroad American 

 nongovernment scientific personnel are authorized under bilateral 

 scientific agreements or are oriented to technical assistance (such as 

 the Fulbright-Hays program in the developing countries; the AID- 

 funded, NSF-administered science education program in India; and 

 several other NSF-administered bilateral agreements). Unlike other 

 scientific exchange programs which are designed primarily to benefit 

 or advance the course of American science, these are subject to opera- 

 tional constraints, resulting from scientists' unwillingness to partici- 



«« "Summary Minutes of International Committee Meeting, held, March 3, 1971," Memo to members of 

 the International Committee from Executive Secretary, Edward Malloy, Bureau of International Scientific 

 Technological Affairs, Department of State, March 18, 1971, 5 pp. 



Ki The guidelines referred to follow: 



Guidelines for Executive and Pakticipating Agencies in Bflateral Agreements for S. & T. 



Cooperation 

 iTUroduction 



At the time it is decided to negotiate a bilateral agreement, the Department of State, after appropriate 

 consultation and prior agreement, will arrange for and designate an appropriate agency to be the Execu- 

 tive Agency responsible for the implementation of the agreement. The following responsibilities will be 

 assigned to the Executive Agency. 



Responsibilities of the Executive Agency 



1. The Executive Agency participates with the Department of State in the negotiation of the agree- 

 ment and provides the technical and program guidance in its drafting and execution. 



2. In conjunction with other interested agencies and organizations the Executive Agency plans U.S. 

 participation and activities in implementation of the agreement. 



3. The Executive Agency provides broad coordination of the activities of participating agencies and 

 other organizations so that agency program objectives and priorities wiU be consistent with the terms 

 of the agreement. 



4. The Executive Agency serves as the focal point for communication with its foreign Executive 

 Agency counterpart, and helps facilitate counterpart agency approval of program activities undertaken 

 by participating agencies and other organizations. 



5. The Executive Agency makes a reasonable attempt to arrange financial support required for an 

 appropriate level of U.S. participation and vnU, insofar as possible, seek funds to provide core support 

 for the program. When necessary, the Executive Agency will, insofar as possible, provide "seed money" 

 for the planning and initiation of participating agency activities. 



6. With the cooperation of the participating agencies and other organizations, the Executive Agency 

 submits an annual report to the Department of State on activities carried out under the agreement, and 

 periodically evaluates these activities and the agreement. The Department of State will consult with 

 the Executive Agency on courses of action to be taken, including recommending termination or con- 

 tinuation of the agreement. 



Responsibilities of the Participating Agencies 



1. Participating agencies will develop and provide to the Executive Agency in a timely manner 

 program plans for participation in the agreement within the scope of their mission responsibilities. 



2. Coordinating with the Executive Agency, participating agencies will develop and implement 

 agreement activities with counterpart organizations. They will keep the Executive Agency regularly 

 informed about the status of such activities, and will furnish the Executive Agency with such informa- 

 tion as it may require for the purpose of preparing reports and making evaluations. 



3. Participating agencies wlU, where possible, provide the financial support and staff needed to 

 inaugurate their activities under the agreement. Subsequently they will budget for continued participa- 

 tion in the agreement. 



