1363 



cieatcd iindor it uas the Iiitcinational C'oniniittco. At about the same 

 time, tlie Ficsident had created tlie President's Seienee Advisory 

 ("ommittee (PSAC), and under tliis grou]) liad been or<i;ani/.ed a 

 ■'very active Panel on Science and Technoh)^3' in ForeiL'ii Att'airs." 

 The FCST eioup had been concerned mainly with coonhnatinu' the 

 international interests of Government agencies with scientilic or 

 technological missions. The PSAC group was — 



... A source of advice on the role of science and technolojjy in supporting 

 [L'.S.] foreign policy objectives. It seeks to assist (lovernnient departments 

 :ind agencies in using .science aiid engineering effectively in our foreign programs, 

 and in furthering international cooperation in science and technology. 



The interaction between science and foreign affairs is similar to that between 

 science and public policy in general; that is, there are two clear areas of emphasis. 

 One is the impact of scientific progre.ss or scientilic activities on foreign policy, 

 on aid to underdeveloped countries, on our military alliances; the other is the 

 requirement placed on our international policies to further and encourage scientific 

 development by creating the necessary' climate for effective interchange of ideas 

 and international scientific cooperation.*^ 



The scope of the PSAC panel and the level of its expertise is suggested 

 b}' the following explanation. They ranged — 



. . . over the entire broad field of the impact of science on U.S. foreign affairs 

 and the furthering of international scientific cooperation and exchange. . . . One 

 of the major aids in the work of the Panel is the representation on it of those 

 whose regular respon-^ibilities include the day-to-day integration of science 

 and foreign affairs, e.g., the President of the National Academy and its foreign 

 .secrttarv, the present and the past science adviser in the Departmeni of State, 

 the director of the National Science Foundation, the U.S. representative on the 

 NATO Science Committee, a past president of ICSU, and a vice president of 

 the ICSU special committee on space research.''* 



ADVISORY CONCENTRATION IN STATE 



The President, earh' in 1973, dissolved the Office of Science and 

 Technology (OST) and PSAC and transferred the responsibility for the 

 functions of the President's Science Adviser (including the manage- 

 ment of FCST) to Dr. Guyford Stever, Director of the National 

 Science Foundation. In NSF a small Science and Technolosv Policy 

 Office (STPO) was then set up to take the place of OST. 



Subsequently Director Stever undertook a review of the various 

 committees that had been formed under tlie Council. One of these was 

 the International Committee. At the time of the President's reorgani- 

 zation, this committee was chaired by Herman Pollack, was staffed 

 by SCI, and had representation from a wide array of departments and 

 agencies.*^ Dr. Stever, in an effort to simplify and reduce his organiza- 



^~ IT.S. Conpre.ss, Scnute, Comrriittee on Governniont Oporatioiis, Reoignnization an<i International 

 Ortrai'.izations Subconiniittt'e, Science Progrmn—StJih Con'jrtss, Kopoit no. IL'6, 86tii Cong., Isl sess., March 

 l'j."j(', n. 12. 



'* Il.id.. pp. 12-13. 



"The T)er>:iitmt'nt of State was reprpseuted by SCI, AID, and VSTA; otlifr depiitments represented 

 were A^'riculiurc, Connnerce, Defense, HEW, HUD, and Transportation. The Ollie-- uf the President was 

 represented from 0MB and OST. Ir.dependent agencies represented were AEC, N'SI''. and NASA. Also 

 included were the Library of Congress and the quasi-poveriinienial Smithsonian Iiisiilntion and the Na- 

 tional Aeademy of Sciences. A more extended account of the FCST Iinernadonal Conmitiee is presented 

 ill I'.S. Conjrress, House, Committee on Foreijin Affairs, U.S. Scioitists .Abroad: An Eiamiuaiion of .\Jojot 

 Proy rams fir Nongoiirnintn'al ScienH/ic KxcUnngr, ii\ the series Science, Technolopy. and American Diplo- 

 macy, prepared by Gencvi?ve J. Knezo, Analyst in Science and Technology, Science Policy Division, 

 Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, April 1074. See vol. II, pp. 865-1035. 



